| Popis: |
This study, informed by the social ecological perspective, seeks to unpack (1) social isolation and related vulnerabilities and (2) social inclusion, and better participation in ‘successful ageing’ program activities, in a multi-ethnic Singapore elder population, over 55 years old. We synthesised qualitative data from 8 focus groups; 4 photovoice sessions; and 6 walk-along interviews. We identified isolated elders living on the margins, for whom subsidies were not working – often because before claims could be made, family needed to be shown legally to not offer support. Elders fallen on hard times wanted to be self-sufficient, doing odd jobs, collecting cardboards, keeping them out of mainstream activities. ‘Closed doors’, characterised mistrust, cited as advised during the cultural shift to an urbanised Singapore; other barriers included hostility, soured relationships. ‘Comfort-zoning’ alone with sedentary routines was common, sometimes explained by traditional norms defining social activities as wasteful. Among more socially included were the very active, repeat attendees to organized activities, and volunteers. More occasional participators sought out ‘safe’ routines within known inner circles. Ethnic minorities were underrepresented in mainstream activities, pointing to structural barriers and preference for cultural groupings. At the macro-level subsidies need to be recast as means-tested on elders’ instead of families’ income and assets; the benefits of social contact explicitly taught; and cultural precepts of wasteful activities counteracted. At the meso-level religious institutions can be leveraged to run programs, encouraging natural grouping within them to carry through amidst community activities; while breaking lone routines by trust-building and befriending from the active. |
