The effects of aflatoxin exposure on Hepatitis B-vaccine induced immunity in Kenyan children
| Autor: | Ruth Nabwire Wangia, Ambrose Agweyu, Marianne W. Mureithi, David Githanga, B Ogutu, Shem O. Wandiga, Omu Anzala, Jia-Sheng Wang, Charity Mutegi |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Aflatoxin Hepatitis B vaccine Adolescent Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Blood serum Immune system Aflatoxins Immunity 030225 pediatrics Albumins medicine Humans Hepatitis B Vaccines Hepatitis B Antibodies Child biology business.industry Infant General Medicine Hepatitis B Acquired immune system medicine.disease Kenya Cross-Sectional Studies Logistic Models Child Preschool Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Immunology biology.protein Cytokines Female Antibody business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND: Globally, approximately three million children die each year from vaccine preventable infectious diseases mainly in developing countries. Despite the success of the expanded immunization program, not all infants and children around the world develop the same protective immune response to the same vaccine. A vaccine must induce a response over the basal immune response that may be driven by population-specific, environmental or socio-economic factors. Mycotoxins like aflatoxins are immune suppressants that are confirmed to interfere with both cell-mediated and acquired immunity. The mechanism of aflatoxin toxicity is through the binding of the bio-activated AFB(1)-8, 9-epoxide to cellular macromolecules. METHODS: We studied Hepatitis B surface antibodies [anti-HBs] levels to explore the immune modulation effects of dietary exposure to aflatoxins in children aged between one and fourteen years in Kenya. Hepatitis B vaccine was introduced for routine administration for Kenyan infants in November 2001. To assess the effects of aflatoxin on immunogenicity of childhood vaccines Aflatoxin B(1)-lysine in blood serum samples were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence detection while anti-HBs were measured using Bio-ELISA anti-HBs kit. RESULTS: The mean ± SD of AFB(1)-lysine adducts in our study population was 45.38 ± 87.03 pg/mg of albumin while the geometric mean was 20.40 pg/mg. The distribution of AFB(1)-lysine adducts was skewed to the right. Only 98/205 (47.8%) of the study population tested positive for Hepatitis B surface antibodies. From regression analysis, we noted that for every unit rise in serum aflatoxin level, anti-HBs dropped by 0.91 mIU/ml (–0.9110038; 95% C.I –1.604948, –0.21706). CONCLUSION: Despite high coverage of routine immunization, less than half of the study population had developed immunity to HepB. Exposure to aflatoxin was high and weakly associated with low anti-HBs antibodies. These findings highlight a potentially significant role for environmental factors that may contribute to vaccine effectiveness warranting further research. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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