Estrogenic potency of MC-LR is induced via stimulating steroidogenesis: In vitro and in vivo evidence
| Autor: | Wang Lin, Honghui Guo, Rong Tang, Li Li, Dapeng Li, Yujing Su, Wei Chi, Donald M. Anderson, Jie Hou, Xi Zhang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male medicine.medical_specialty Microcystins Estrone Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Stimulation 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 01 natural sciences Article Cell Line 03 medical and health sciences Sex hormone-binding globulin Aromatase In vivo Internal medicine Testis medicine Animals Humans Testosterone Receptor Gonadal Steroid Hormones Zebrafish 0105 earth and related environmental sciences biology Estradiol Reproduction Estrogens General Medicine Zebrafish Proteins Pollution In vitro Up-Regulation 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Liver Receptors Estrogen Toxicity biology.protein Marine Toxins Water Pollutants Chemical Hormone |
| Zdroj: | Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 240 |
| ISSN: | 1873-6424 |
| Popis: | Waterborne microcystin-LR (MC-LR) has been reported to disrupt sex hormones, while its estrogenic potency remains controversial. We hypothesized that MC-LR could induce estrogenic effects via disrupting sex hormone synthesis, and verified this hypothesis by in vitro and in vivo assays. Effects of MC-LR (1, 10, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 μg/L) on steroidogenesis were assessed in the H295R cells after 48 h. The contents of 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) increased in a non-dose-dependent manner, which showed positive correlations with the expression of steroidogenic genes. In the in vivo assay, adult male zebrafish were exposed to 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 μg/L MC-LR for 30 d. Similarly, E2 and T contents in the testis were increased, accompanied by extensive up-regulation of steroidogenic genes, especially cyp19a. Meanwhile, the percentage of spermatid in the testis declined. In the liver, the vtg1 gene was significantly up-regulated while both the transcriptional and protein levels of the estrogenic receptor (ER) declined. These results indicate that MC-LR induced non-dose-dependent estrogenic effects at environmental concentrations, which may result from steroidogenesis stimulation via a non-ER-mediated pathway. Our findings support a paradigm shift in the risk assessment of MC-LR from traditional toxicity to estrogenic risk, particularly at low concentrations, and emphasize the potential threat to the male reproductive capacity of wildlife in bloom areas. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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