A systematic review of the surgical anatomy of the orbital apex
| Autor: | P Saeed, F W A Hoefnagels, G F J P M Adriaensen, Ӧ Engin |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Ear, Nose and Throat, Graduate School, Ophthalmology, Other Research |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
genetic structures MEDLINE Pathology and Forensic Medicine Anterior clinoid process 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Surgical anatomy medicine Foramen Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Intraoperative Complications Optic canal business.industry Anatomic Variation Anatomy eye diseases Apex (geometry) medicine.anatomical_structure Superior orbital fissure Original Article Surgery 030101 anatomy & morphology sense organs Apex business Orbit 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Orbit (anatomy) |
| Zdroj: | Surgical and radiologic anatomy, 43(2), 169-178. Springer Paris Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy |
| ISSN: | 0930-1038 |
| Popis: | Purpose The orbital apex is the narrowest part of the orbit, housing the link between the intracranial cavity and orbit. Knowledge of orbital apex anatomy is crucial to selecting a surgical approach and reducing the risk of complications. Our purpose is to summarize current knowledge on surgical anatomy and attempt to reach a consensus on definition of the orbital apex. Methods The online databases of Embase, the Cochrane library, Web of Science and PubMed (MEDLINE) were queried in a comprehensive bibliographic search on the (surgical) anatomy of the orbital apex and consisted of a combination of two subjects, using indexed terms and free text: “Orbital Apex” and “Orbital Anatomy.” Results A total of 114 relevant papers were included in this review. Numerous anatomical variations are described in the literature. Variations of the optic canal include duplication (0.64%) and keyhole anomaly (2.65%). Variations in pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process were unilateral in almost 10%, bilateral in 9%, and normal in 72%. A rare variant of the superior orbital fissure (SOF) is Warwick’s foramen, which appears as if the lowest portion of the SOF was separated from the main fissure by a transverse bony bridge. Conclusion The definition of the orbital apex varies in the literature, and further research would most likely identify additional variations. A universal definition reporting these variations and pathology and imaging findings is essential for determining the optimal surgical approach to the orbital apex. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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