High Levels of Hydrogen Peroxide in Overnight Tooth-Whitening Formulas: Effects on Enamel and Pulp
| Autor: | Stranick Michael A, D.M. Bagley, George Pugh, Nora Lin, Lynette Zaidel |
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| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Molar
Time Factors Materials science Surface Properties Dentistry Carbamide Peroxide Microscopy Atomic Force chemistry.chemical_compound stomatognathic system Hardness Tooth Bleaching Humans Urea Dental Enamel Hydrogen peroxide General Dentistry Dental Pulp Tooth whitening Analysis of Variance Enamel paint business.industry Dental Enamel Permeability Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration (firestop) Peroxides Dentin Permeability Drug Combinations stomatognathic diseases chemistry visual_art Tooth Sensitivity visual_art.visual_art_medium Pulp (tooth) Colorimetry business Electron Probe Microanalysis Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 17:40-45 |
| ISSN: | 1708-8240 1496-4155 |
| Popis: | Purpose Limited data are available to assess the safety of high levels of hydrogen peroxide in overnight tooth-whitening formulas. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hydrogen peroxide on enamel microhardness, pulp penetration, and enamel morphology. Materials and methods Colgate Platinum Professional Overnight Whitening System (Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Canton, MA, USA) (10% carbamide peroxide, equivalent to 3.5% hydrogen peroxide) was compared with two prototype formulations containing either 7.0% or 12.0% hydrogen peroxide. In the pulp chamber studies, human extracted teeth were exposed to 3.5%, 7.0%, or 12.0% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes, 4 hours, or 7 hours. Microhardness, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and atomic force microscopy evaluations were made from enamel blocks cut from human extracted molars. The enamel blocks were evaluated following 14 7-hour treatments (98 h total). Results At 7 hours' post-treatment, hydrogen peroxide penetrated the pulp chamber at 23.12 +/- 10.09, 24.58 +/- 6.90, and 26.39 +/- 5.43 microg for 3.5%, 7.0%, and 12.0% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. With regard to enamel morphology, pulp penetration, microhardness, and elemental composition, no statistically significant differences were observed between treatment groups following 98 hours of treatment. Conclusions Hydrogen peroxide does not adversely affect enamel morphology or microhardness. The levels recovered in pulp indicate that hydrogen peroxide is not expected to inhibit pulpal enzymes. Clinical significance Overnight tray products containing levels of hydrogen peroxide of 3.5%, 7.0%, and 12.0% are not expected to adversely affect the enamel or pulpal enzymes. Additional safety studies are needed to assess the potential for tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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