High-density lipoprotein or cyclodextrin extraction of cholesterol from aggregated LDL reduces foam cell formation
Autor: | Rajesh K. Singh, Abigail S. Haka, Frederik W. Lund, Frederick R. Maxfield |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Short Report
Context (language use) Biology Cell Line 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Mice 0302 clinical medicine High-density lipoprotein Apolipoproteins E Extracellular Macrophage Animals Humans 030304 developmental biology Foam cell 0303 health sciences Cyclodextrins Microscopy Confocal Cholesterol Catabolism Macrophages Cell Biology Atherosclerosis Immunohistochemistry Cell biology Lipoproteins LDL Spectrometry Fluorescence chemistry lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) Female Lipoproteins HDL 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Lipoprotein Foam Cells |
Zdroj: | J Cell Sci |
ISSN: | 1477-9137 |
Popis: | Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposition, aggregation and retention in the endothelial sub-intima are critical initiating events during atherosclerosis. Macrophages digest aggregated LDL (agLDL) through a process called exophagy. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an atheroprotective role, but studies attempting to exploit it therapeutically have been unsuccessful, highlighting gaps in our current understanding of HDL function. Here we characterized the role of HDL during exophagy of agLDL. We find that atherosclerotic plaque macrophages contact agLDL and form an extracellular digestive compartment similar to that observed in vitro. During macrophage catabolism of agLDL in vitro, levels of free cholesterol in the agLDL are increased. HDL can extract free cholesterol directly from this agLDL and inhibit macrophage foam cell formation. Cholesterol-balanced hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin similarly reduced macrophage cholesterol uptake and foam cell formation. Finally, we show that HDL can directly extract free cholesterol but not cholesterol esters from agLDL in absence of cells. Together these results suggest that the actions of HDL can directly extract free cholesterol from agLDL during catabolism, and provide a new context in which to view the complex relationship between HDL and atherosclerosis. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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