The potential effects of efavirenz on Oreochromis mossambicus after acute exposure
| Autor: | I.E.J. Barnhoorn, G.M. Wagenaar, L Robson |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Cyclopropanes
Gills 0301 basic medicine Gill Oreochromis mossambicus Efavirenz Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Physiology 010501 environmental sciences Biology Kidney Toxicology medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Aquatic toxicology South Africa 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Rivers immune system diseases Toxicity Tests Acute medicine Animals Gonads 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Pharmacology virus diseases Heart General Medicine medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Benzoxazines 030104 developmental biology Liver chemistry Alkynes Acute exposure Toxicity Steatosis Water Pollutants Chemical Environmental Monitoring Tilapia |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 56:225-232 |
| ISSN: | 1382-6689 |
| Popis: | Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are hazardous therapeutic pharmaceuticals present in South African surface water. Efavirenz is an ARV commonly used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in South Africa. Although little is known about the toxic effects of efavirenz on fish health, threats of toxicity to the aquatic environment have been reported. Oreochromis mossambicus were exposed under controlled conditions to environmentally-relevant efavirenz concentrations (10.3ng/l) as measured in rivers that flow into the Nandoni Dam in the Vhembe District, South Africa. Acute (96h) exposures were conducted using efavirenz concentrations of 10.3ng/l and 20.6ng/l. The overall health of exposed fish was determined using a histology-based fish health assessment index. Necropsies and haematology were conducted and somatic indices calculated after which the liver, kidney, heart, gills and gonads were microscopically quantitatively assessed. Results indicated that fish exposed to 20.6ng/l efavirenz had significantly (p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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