An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations
| Autor: | Claus W. Böning, Simon J. Marsland, Lavinia Patara, Riccardo Farneti, Maxwell Kelley, A. M. Howard, David A. Bailey, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Jianhua Lu, Helge Drange, Matthew C. Long, Vittorio Canuto, Mats Bentsen, Nikolay Diansky, Stephen M. Griffies, Bonita L. Samuels, Anatoly Gusev, Erik Behrens, A. J. George Nurser, Qiang Wang, Dmitry Sidorenko, Alexandra Bozec, Eric P. Chassignet, Arne Biastoch, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Sergey Danilov, Paul Spence, Antonio Navarra, Simona Masina, Pier Giuseppe Fogli, Petteri Uotila, Mehmet Ilicak, Thomas Jung, Akhilesh Mishra, Daohua Bi, Stephanie M. Downes, Anthony Leboissetier, William G. Large, Stephen Yeager |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Downes SM, Farneti R, Uotila P, Griffies SM, Marsland SJ, Bailey D, Behrens E, Bentsen M, Bi DH, Biastoch A, Boning C, Bozec A, Canuto VM, Chassignet E, Danabasoglu G, Danilov S, Diansky N, Drange H, Fogli PG, Gusev A, Howard A, Ilicak M, Jung T, Kelley M, Large WG, Leboissetier A, Long M, Lu JH, Masina S, Mishra A, Navarra A, Nurser AJG, Patara L, Samuels BL, Sidorenko D, Spence P, Tsujino H, Wang Q, Yeager SG |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Atmospheric Science
geography Ocean observations geography.geographical_feature_category Mixed layer Antarctic sea ice Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Oceanography Southern Ocean CORE-II experiments Water masses Sea ice Ocean dynamics Sea ice thickness Computer Science (miscellaneous) Sea ice Environmental science Thermohaline circulation Ocean heat content |
| Zdroj: | Ocean Modelling. 94:67-94 |
| ISSN: | 1463-5003 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022 |
| Popis: | We characterise the representation of the Southern Ocean water mass structure and sea ice within a suite of 15 global ocean-ice models run with the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment Phase II (CORE-II) protocol. The main focus is the representation of the present (1988-2007) mode and intermediate waters, thus framing an analysis of winter and summer mixed layer depths; temperature, salinity, and potential vorticity structure; and temporal variability of sea ice distributions. We also consider the interannual variability over the same 20 year period. Comparisons are made between models as well as to observation-based analyses where available. The CORE-II models exhibit several biases relative to Southern Ocean observations, including an underestimation of the model mean mixed layer depths of mode and intermediate water masses in March (associated with greater ocean surface heat gain), and an overestimation in September (associated with greater high latitude ocean heat loss and a more northward winter sea-ice extent). In addition, the models have cold and fresh/warm and salty water column biases centred near 50 degrees S. Over the 1933-2007 period, the CORE-II models consistently simulate spatially variable trends in sea-ice concentration, surface freshwater fluxes, mixed layer depths, and 200-700 in ocean heat content. In particular, sea-ice coverage around most of the Antarctic continental shelf is reduced, leading to a cooling and freshening of the near surface waters. The shoaling of the mixed layer is associated with increased surface buoyancy gain, except in the Pacific where sea ice is also influential. The models are in disagreement, despite the common CORE-II atmospheric state, in their spatial pattern of the 20-year trends in the mixed layer depth and sea-ice. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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