Cocaine cue–induced dopamine release in the human prefrontal cortex
| Autor: | Kevin F. Casey, Andrew J. Reader, Michele S. Milella, Kevin Larcher, Marco Leyton, Jeroen Verhaeghe, Chawki Benkelfat, Paul Gravel, Aryandokht Fotros, Alain Dagher, Sylvia M. L. Cox |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male 0301 basic medicine Fluorine Radioisotopes Dopamine Prefrontal Cortex Craving Striatum Neuropsychological Tests Cocaine-Related Disorders 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cocaine Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors Cortex (anatomy) medicine Humans Pharmacology (medical) Prefrontal cortex Biological Psychiatry Brain Mapping business.industry Middle Aged Magnetic Resonance Imaging Corpus Striatum Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists Psychiatry and Mental health 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Fallypride Positron-Emission Tomography Benzamides Female Orbitofrontal cortex Human medicine Cues Radiopharmaceuticals medicine.symptom business Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Research Paper medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of psychiatry and neuroscience |
| ISSN: | 1180-4882 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence indicates that drug-related cues can induce dopamine (DA) release in the striatum of substance abusers. Whether these same cues provoke DA release in the human prefrontal cortex remains unknown. METHODS: We used high-resolution positron emission tomography with [18F]fallypride to measure cortical and striatal DA D2/3 receptor availability in the presence versus absence of drug-related cues in volunteers with current cocaine dependence. RESULTS: Twelve individuals participated in our study. Among participants reporting a craving response (9 of 12), exposure to the cocaine cues significantly decreased [18F]fallypride binding potential (BPND) values in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and striatum. In all 12 participants, individual differences in the magnitude of craving correlated with BPND changes in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and striatum. Consistent with the presence of autoreceptors on mesostriatal but not mesocortical DA cell bodies, midbrain BPND values were significantly correlated with changes in BPND within the striatum but not the cortex. The lower the midbrain D2 receptor levels, the greater the striatal change in BPND and self-reported craving. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this study include its modest sample size, with only 2 female participants. Newer tracers might have greater sensitivity to cortical DA release. CONCLUSION: In people with cocaine use disorders, the presentation of drug-related cues induces DA release within cortical and striatal regions. Both effects are associated with craving, but only the latter is regulated by midbrain autoreceptors. Together, the results suggest that cortical and subcortical DA responses might both influence drug-focused incentive motivational states, but with separate regulatory mechanisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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