Age Differences in the Effects of Speaking Rate on Auditory, Visual, and Auditory-Visual Speech Perception
| Autor: | Brent Spehar, Joel Myerson, Nancy Tye-Murray, Sandra Hale, Mitchell S. Sommers |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Auditory perception
medicine.medical_specialty Visual perception Speech perception genetic structures Hearing loss Audiology 01 natural sciences RAPID SPEECH 03 medical and health sciences Speech and Hearing 0302 clinical medicine 0103 physical sciences medicine Humans Speech 030223 otorhinolaryngology Set (psychology) 010301 acoustics Aged Modality (human–computer interaction) Age differences eye diseases Otorhinolaryngology Acoustic Stimulation Auditory Perception Speech Perception Visual Perception medicine.symptom Psychology |
| Zdroj: | Ear and hearing. 41(3) |
| ISSN: | 1538-4667 |
| Popis: | Objectives This study was designed to examine how speaking rate affects auditory-only, visual-only, and auditory-visual speech perception across the adult lifespan. In addition, the study examined the extent to which unimodal (auditory-only and visual-only) performance predicts auditory-visual performance across a range of speaking rates. The authors hypothesized significant Age × Rate interactions in all three modalities and that unimodal performance would account for a majority of the variance in auditory-visual speech perception for speaking rates that are both slower and faster than normal. Design Participants (N = 145), ranging in age from 22 to 92, were tested in conditions with auditory-only, visual-only, and auditory-visual presentations using a closed-set speech perception test. Five different speaking rates were presented in each modality: an unmodified (normal rate), two rates that were slower than normal, and two rates that were faster than normal. Signal to noise ratios were set individually to produce approximately 30% correct identification in the auditory-only condition and this signal to noise ratio was used in the auditory-only and auditory-visual conditions. Results Age × Rate interactions were observed for the fastest speaking rates in both the visual-only and auditory-visual conditions. Unimodal performance accounted for at least 60% of the variance in auditory-visual performance for all five speaking rates. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that the disproportionate difficulty that older adults have with rapid speech for auditory-only presentations can also be observed with visual-only and auditory-visual presentations. Taken together, the present analyses of age and individual differences indicate a generalized age-related decline in the ability to understand speech produced at fast speaking rates. The finding that auditory-visual speech performance was almost entirely predicted by unimodal performance across all five speaking rates has important clinical implications for auditory-visual speech perception and the ability of older adults to use visual speech information to compensate for age-related hearing loss. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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