Genetic identification and insights into the ecology of Contracaecum rudolphii A and C. rudolphii B (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from cormorants and fish of aquatic ecosystems of Central Italy
| Autor: | Michela Paoletti, Gian Luca Sbaraglia, Marialetizia Palomba, Giuseppe Nascetti, Simonetta Mattiucci, Paolo Cipriani, Sara Filippi |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
030231 tropical medicine
contracaecum rudolphii (s. l.) Aphanius Fresh Water brackish water fish freshwater genetic markers wintering cormorants Freshwater ecosystem DNA Mitochondrial DNA Ribosomal 030308 mycology & parasitology 03 medical and health sciences Leuciscus Fish Diseases 0302 clinical medicine biology.animal Ascaridoidea Animals Ecosystem 0303 health sciences General Veterinary biology Ecology Bird Diseases Atherina boyeri Cormorant General Medicine biology.organism_classification Barbus barbus Anisakidae Infectious Diseases Italy Insect Science Freshwater fish Parasitology Female |
| Popis: | Contracaecum rudolphii (s. l.) is a complex of sibling species of anisakid nematodes having the fish-eating birds belonging to the Family Phalacrocoracidae as final hosts. The great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis is parasitized by C. rudolphii A and C. rudolphii B. Adults and L4 specimens of C. rudolphii (s. l.) (N = 3282) were collected in cormorants from brackish and freshwater ecosystems of Central Italy. Third-stage larvae of Contracaecum (N = 882) were obtained from the fish species Dicentrarchus labrax, Anguilla anguilla, Aphanius fasciatus, Atherina boyeri, Leuciscus cephalus, Barbus barbus, and Carassius carassius captured in the same geographical areas of cormorants’ standings. Contracaecum rudolphii A and C. rudolphii B were identified by a multilocus genetic approach: allozymes, sequences analysis of the mtDNA cox2, and ITS region of rDNA gene loci. Differential distribution of the two parasite species was observed in different aquatic environments. Contracaecum rudolphii B outnumbered C. rudolphii A in wintering cormorants from freshwater ecosystems; the opposite trend was found in cormorants from brackish water. Analogously, C. rudolphii A larvae were more prevalent in brackish water fish, while C. rudolphii B larvae were found infecting only freshwater fish. The findings seem to confirm that C. rudolphii A and C. rudolphii B would have a life-cycle adapted to brackish and freshwater environments, respectively. A differential feeding behavior of wintering cormorants, the ecology of the infected fish species, and abiotic factors related to early stages of the parasites are supposed to maintain the distinctiveness of the two parasite species’ life cycles in the two different aquatic ecosystems. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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