Degradation of the blister agent sulfur mustard, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, on concrete
| Autor: | George W. Wagner, Carol A. Brevett, Jeffrey S. Rice, Kenneth B. Sumpter |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Blister agent Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Environmental Engineering Chromatography Sulfide Construction Materials Sulfonium Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Extraction (chemistry) Sulfonium Compounds Sulfoxide Sulfur mustard Carbon-13 NMR Pollution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry chemistry.chemical_compound Biodegradation Environmental chemistry Mustard Gas Environmental Chemistry Gas chromatography Waste Management and Disposal |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Hazardous Materials. 140:353-360 |
| ISSN: | 0304-3894 |
| Popis: | The products formed from the degradation of the blister agent sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide] on concrete were identified using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC/MSD), 1 H NMR, 2D 1 H– 13 C NMR and 13 C solid state magic angle spinning (SSMAS) NMR. In situ and extraction experiments were performed. Sulfur mustard was detected in the in situ 13 C SSMAS samples for 12 weeks, whereas less than 5% of the sulfur mustard was detected in extracts from the concrete monoliths after 8 days. Sulfonium ions and (2-chloroethylthio)ethyl ether (T) were observed on the in situ samples after a period of 12 weeks, whereas vinyl species and bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfoxide were observed in the extracts of the concrete monoliths within 24 h. The differences between the extraction and the SSMAS data indicated that the sulfur mustard existed in the concrete in a non-extractable form prior to its degradation. Extraction methods alone were not sufficient to identify the products; methods to identify the presence of non-extractable degradation products were also required. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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