Biologic, Antigenic, and Full-Length Genomic Characterization of a Bovine-Like Coronavirus Isolated from a Giraffe

Autor: Anastasia N. Vlasova, Xinsheng Zhang, Elodie Ghedin, Rebecca A. Halpin, Konstantin P. Alekseev, Mustafa Hasöksüz, Shiliang Wang, David J. Spiro, Linda J. Saif
Rok vydání: 2007
Předmět:
Male
Sequence Homology
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
medicine.disease_cause
Feces
Viral Envelope Proteins
Serial passage
Coronaviridae
Microscopy
Immunoelectron
Antigens
Viral
Phylogeny
Sequence Deletion
media_common
Coronavirus
Coronavirus
Bovine
Genetics
Membrane Glycoproteins
Ruminants
Virus Shedding
Spike Glycoprotein
Coronavirus
RNA
Viral
Female
Coronavirus Infections
Giraffa camelopardalis
Diarrhea
Virus Cultivation
Sequence analysis
Molecular Sequence Data
Immunology
Animals
Wild
Viral quasispecies
Biology
Microbiology
Cell Line
Neutralization Tests
Virology
medicine
Animals
Germ-Free Life
Humans
Point Mutation
media_common.cataloged_instance
Bovine coronavirus
Viral Structural Proteins
Hemagglutination assay
Sequence Analysis
DNA
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
biology.organism_classification
United States
Disease Models
Animal
Genetic Diversity and Evolution
Insect Science
Cattle
Zdroj: Journal of Virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02361-06
Popis: Coronaviruses (CoVs) possess large RNA genomes and exist as quasispecies, which increases the possibility of adaptive mutations and interspecies transmission. Recently, CoVs were recognized as important pathogens in captive wild ruminants. This is the first report of the isolation and detailed genetic, biologic, and antigenic characterization of a bovine-like CoV from a giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ) in a wild-animal park in the United States. CoV particles were detected by immune electron microscopy in fecal samples from three giraffes with mild-to-severe diarrhea. From one of the three giraffe samples, a CoV (GiCoV-OH3) was isolated and successfully adapted to serial passage in human rectal tumor 18 cell cultures. Hemagglutination assays, receptor-destroying enzyme activity, hemagglutination inhibition, and fluorescence focus neutralization tests revealed close biological and antigenic relationships between the GiCoV-OH3 isolate and selected respiratory and enteric bovine CoV (BCoV) strains. When orally inoculated into a BCoV-seronegative gnotobiotic calf, GiCoV-OH3 caused severe diarrhea and virus shedding within 2 to 3 days. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses were performed to assess its genetic relatedness to other CoVs. Molecular characterization confirmed that the new isolate belongs to group 2a of the mammalian CoVs and revealed closer genetic relatedness between GiCoV-OH3 and the enteric BCoVs BCoV-ENT and BCoV-DB2, whereas BCoV-Mebus was more distantly related. Detailed sequence analysis of the GiCoV-OH3 spike gene demonstrated the presence of a deletion in the variable region of the S1 subunit (from amino acid 543 to amino acid 547), which is a region associated with pathogenicity and tissue tropism for other CoVs. The point mutations identified in the structural proteins (by comparing GiCoV-OH3, BCoV-ENT, BCoV-DB2, and BCoV-Mebus) were most conserved among GiCoV-OH3, BCoV-ENT, and BCoV-DB2, whereas most of the point mutations in the nonstructural proteins were unique to GiCoV-OH3. Our results confirm the existence of a bovine-like CoV transmissible to cattle from wild ruminants, namely, giraffes, but with certain genetic properties different from those of BCoVs.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: