Biologic, Antigenic, and Full-Length Genomic Characterization of a Bovine-Like Coronavirus Isolated from a Giraffe
Autor: | Anastasia N. Vlasova, Xinsheng Zhang, Elodie Ghedin, Rebecca A. Halpin, Konstantin P. Alekseev, Mustafa Hasöksüz, Shiliang Wang, David J. Spiro, Linda J. Saif |
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Rok vydání: | 2007 |
Předmět: |
Male
Sequence Homology Viral Nonstructural Proteins medicine.disease_cause Feces Viral Envelope Proteins Serial passage Coronaviridae Microscopy Immunoelectron Antigens Viral Phylogeny Sequence Deletion media_common Coronavirus Coronavirus Bovine Genetics Membrane Glycoproteins Ruminants Virus Shedding Spike Glycoprotein Coronavirus RNA Viral Female Coronavirus Infections Giraffa camelopardalis Diarrhea Virus Cultivation Sequence analysis Molecular Sequence Data Immunology Animals Wild Viral quasispecies Biology Microbiology Cell Line Neutralization Tests Virology medicine Animals Germ-Free Life Humans Point Mutation media_common.cataloged_instance Bovine coronavirus Viral Structural Proteins Hemagglutination assay Sequence Analysis DNA Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests biology.organism_classification United States Disease Models Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution Insect Science Cattle |
Zdroj: | Journal of Virology |
ISSN: | 0022-538X |
DOI: | 10.1128/jvi.02361-06 |
Popis: | Coronaviruses (CoVs) possess large RNA genomes and exist as quasispecies, which increases the possibility of adaptive mutations and interspecies transmission. Recently, CoVs were recognized as important pathogens in captive wild ruminants. This is the first report of the isolation and detailed genetic, biologic, and antigenic characterization of a bovine-like CoV from a giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ) in a wild-animal park in the United States. CoV particles were detected by immune electron microscopy in fecal samples from three giraffes with mild-to-severe diarrhea. From one of the three giraffe samples, a CoV (GiCoV-OH3) was isolated and successfully adapted to serial passage in human rectal tumor 18 cell cultures. Hemagglutination assays, receptor-destroying enzyme activity, hemagglutination inhibition, and fluorescence focus neutralization tests revealed close biological and antigenic relationships between the GiCoV-OH3 isolate and selected respiratory and enteric bovine CoV (BCoV) strains. When orally inoculated into a BCoV-seronegative gnotobiotic calf, GiCoV-OH3 caused severe diarrhea and virus shedding within 2 to 3 days. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses were performed to assess its genetic relatedness to other CoVs. Molecular characterization confirmed that the new isolate belongs to group 2a of the mammalian CoVs and revealed closer genetic relatedness between GiCoV-OH3 and the enteric BCoVs BCoV-ENT and BCoV-DB2, whereas BCoV-Mebus was more distantly related. Detailed sequence analysis of the GiCoV-OH3 spike gene demonstrated the presence of a deletion in the variable region of the S1 subunit (from amino acid 543 to amino acid 547), which is a region associated with pathogenicity and tissue tropism for other CoVs. The point mutations identified in the structural proteins (by comparing GiCoV-OH3, BCoV-ENT, BCoV-DB2, and BCoV-Mebus) were most conserved among GiCoV-OH3, BCoV-ENT, and BCoV-DB2, whereas most of the point mutations in the nonstructural proteins were unique to GiCoV-OH3. Our results confirm the existence of a bovine-like CoV transmissible to cattle from wild ruminants, namely, giraffes, but with certain genetic properties different from those of BCoVs. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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