Critical Minerals from Post-Processing Tailing. A Case Study from Bangka Island, Indonesia
| Autor: | Karol Zglinicki, Stanisław Wołkowicz, Krzysztof Szamałek |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:QE351-399.2
monazite and xenotime 0211 other engineering and technologies chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology engineering.material Raw material 010502 geochemistry & geophysics 01 natural sciences 021108 energy mineral waste 0105 earth and related environmental sciences lcsh:Mineralogy Mineral critical raw materials Geology Yttrium Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology REE Tailings chemistry Rutile Monazite engineering Ilmenite Zircon Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Minerals, Vol 11, Iss 352, p 352 (2021) Minerals Volume 11 Issue 4 |
| ISSN: | 2075-163X |
| DOI: | 10.3390/min11040352 |
| Popis: | The growing demand for critical raw materials (rare earth elements—REE, Nb, Ta, and others) enforces a need to look for their alternative sources. Distortions of the mineral supply chain caused by COVID-19 have necessitated a re-evaluation of what exists as mining waste from previous exploitation. Consequently, this study aims to provide an inventory of raw materials on the Indonesian Tin Islands (Bangka and Belitung). Geological and mineralogical examinations on Bangka have permitted an economic appraisal of tailings from the processing of cassiterite-bearing sands and confirmed the presence of REE-bearing minerals, chiefly monazite and xenotime, zircon, ilmenite, rutile, niobium-tantalum phases. In general, the mineral content of the tailings varies depending on the sampling site and the type of processing used during ore-production. ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometers) analyses revealed anomalous concentrations of LREE (light rare earth elements): La > 5%, Ce > 5%, Pr > 1%, Nd > 1%, Sm > 1% and HREE+Y (heavy rare earth elements and yttrium) up to 2.51 wt%. High values have been found for the “most critical” metals of the HREE group: Dy (up to 0.34 wt%), Tb (up to 0.08 wt%), Eu (up to 61.8 ppm), Nd (> 1.0 wt%), and Y (up to 1.20 wt%). In addition, the following contents have been defined: Ga (to 0.03 wt%) Hf (to 0.64 wt%) Ta (to 0.08 wt%) Nb (to 0.23 wt%) W (to 0.14 wt%) Zr (> 5.0 wt%) and Sc (to 0.01 wt%). Such high concentrations suggest the tailing dumps to be a potential new source of “critical raw materials”. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|