Potency Testing of Venoms and Antivenoms in Embryonated Eggs: An Ethical Alternative to Animal Testing
| Autor: | Chi Ong, Kathy Stewart, Erin E. Verity, Steven Rockman, Kirsten Vandenberg |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
potency
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Antivenom lcsh:Medicine venom Venom Chick Embryo Pharmacology Biology Toxicology In ovo Animal Testing Alternatives complex mixtures Neutralization Article Lethal Dose 50 03 medical and health sciences In vivo Potency Animals Elapidae Animal testing 030304 developmental biology Elapid Venoms 0303 health sciences antivenom embryonated eggs Antivenins lcsh:R 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology Embryonated neutralization |
| Zdroj: | Toxins Volume 13 Issue 4 Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 233, p 233 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2072-6651 |
| Popis: | Venoms are complex mixtures of biologically active molecules that impact multiple physiological systems. Manufacture of antivenoms (AVs) therefore requires potency testing using in vivo models to ensure AV efficacy. As part of ongoing research to replace small animals as the standard model for AV potency testing, we developed an alternate in vivo method using the embryonated egg model (EEM). In this model, the survival of chicken embryos envenomated in ovo is determined prior to 50% gestation, when they are recognized as animals by animal welfare legislation. Embryos were found to be susceptible to a range of snake, spider, and marine venoms. This included funnel-web spider venom for which the only other vertebrate, non-primate animal model is newborn mice. Neutralization of venom with standard AV allowed correlation of AV potency results from the EEM to results from animal assays. Our findings indicate that the EEM provides an alternative, insensate in vivo model for the assessment of AV potency. The EEM may enable reduction or replacement of the use of small animals, as longer-term research that enables the elimination of animal use in potency testing continues. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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