High Quality Zenith Tropospheric Delay Estimation Using a Low-Cost Dual-Frequency Receiver and Relative Antenna Calibration

Autor:	Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Hans van der Marel, Nick van de Giesen, Andreas Krietemeyer
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2020
Předmět:	010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Mean squared error Zenith Tropospheric Delay Science Phase Center Variation Precise Point Positioning 01 natural sciences ZED-F9P Phase center GNSS antenna Zenith 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Remote sensing Mathematics Ground plane Patch antenna relative calibration GNSS 010401 analytical chemistry 0104 chemical sciences GNSS applications goGPS General Earth and Planetary Sciences receiver antenna calibration Antenna (radio) U-blox
Zdroj:	Remote Sensing Volume 12 Issue 9 Pages: 1393 Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 1393, p 1393 (2020) Remote Sensing, 12(9)
ISSN:	2072-4292
DOI:	10.3390/rs12091393
Popis:	The recent release of consumer-grade dual-frequency receivers sparked scientific interest into use of these cost-efficient devices for high precision positioning and tropospheric delay estimations. Previous analyses with low-cost single-frequency receivers showed promising results for the estimation of Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs). However, their application is limited by the need to account for the ionospheric delay. In this paper we investigate the potential of a low-cost dual-frequency receiver (U-blox ZED-F9P) in combination with a range of different quality antennas. We show that the receiver itself is very well capable of achieving high-quality ZTD estimations. The limiting factor is the quality of the receiving antenna. To improve the applicability of mass-market antennas, a relative antenna calibration is performed, and new absolute Antenna Exchange Format (ANTEX) entries are created using a geodetic antenna as base. The performance of ZTD estimation with the tested antennas is evaluated, with and without antenna Phase Center Variation (PCV) corrections, using Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Without applying PCVs for the low-cost antennas, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of the estimated ZTDs are between 15 mm and 24 mm. Using the newly generated PCVs, the RMSE is reduced significantly to about 4 mm, a level that is excellent for meteorological applications. The standard U-blox ANN-MB-00 patch antenna, with a circular ground plane, after correcting the phase pattern yields comparable results (0.47 mm bias and 4.02 mm RMSE) to those from geodetic quality antennas, providing an all-round low-cost solution. The relative antenna calibration method presented in this paper opens the way for wide-spread application of low-cost receiver and antennas.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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