Molecular mechanisms underlying glyphosate resistance in bacteria
| Autor: | Ramona Kuhn, Robert Hertel, Johannes Gibhardt, Fabian M. Commichau, Marion Martienssen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
ATP synthase Bacteria Herbicides Glycine EPSP synthase Biology biology.organism_classification Microbiology chemistry.chemical_compound Enzyme chemistry Biosynthesis Glyphosate Aromatic amino acids biology.protein Animals Humans 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase Gene Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
| Zdroj: | Environmental microbiologyReferences. 23(6) |
| ISSN: | 1462-2920 |
| Popis: | Glyphosate is a nonselective herbicide that kills weeds and other plants competing with crops. Glyphosate specifically inhibits the 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, thereby depleting the cell of EPSP serving as a precursor for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Glyphosate is considered to be toxicologically safe for animals and humans. Therefore, it became the most-important herbicide in agriculture. However, its intensive application in agriculture is a serious environmental issue because it may negatively affect the biodiversity. A few years after the discovery of the mode of action of glyphosate, it has been observed that bacteria evolve glyphosate resistance by acquiring mutations in the EPSP synthase gene, rendering the encoded enzyme less sensitive to the herbicide. The identification of glyphosate-resistant EPSP synthase variants paved the way for engineering crops tolerating increased amounts of the herbicide. This review intends to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying glyphosate resistance in bacteria. Bacteria can evolve glyphosate resistance by (i) reducing glyphosate sensitivity or elevating production of the EPSP synthase, by (ii) degrading or (iii) detoxifying glyphosate and by (iv) decreasing the uptake or increasing the export of the herbicide. The variety of glyphosate resistance mechanisms illustrates the adaptability of bacteria to anthropogenic substances due to genomic alterations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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