Plant protection products in agricultural fields – residues in earthworms and assessment of potentially toxic effects to the environment
Autor: | Thomas Schmidt, Stefan Kimmel, Stefan Hoeger, Darija Lemic, Renata Bazok, Helena Viric Gasparic |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2022 |
Předmět: |
bioaccumulation
bioconcentration factors earthworms environmental risk assessment pesticide residues secondary poisoning toxicity-exposure ratio Animal Science and Zoology bioakumulacija faktori biokoncentracije gujavice procjena rizika za okoliš ostaci pesticida sekundarno trovanje omjer toksičnosti i izloženost Agronomy and Crop Science bioaccumulation bioconcentration factors earthworms environmental risk assessment pesticide residues secondary poisoning toxicity-exposure ratio |
Zdroj: | Journal of Central European Agriculture Volume 23 Issue 3 |
ISSN: | 1332-9049 |
Popis: | The environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil organisms is mainly based on the results of laboratory and extended laboratory studies while the link from the laboratory to realistic field conditions over several seasons is not well established. The current environmental risk assessment is applied to a single active ingredient and does not consider that soil organisms are exposed to varying degrees to a mixture of active ingredients from different pesticides. In this study, earthworm samples were collected from eight fields in Croatia during two growing seasons and analyzed for 300 active ingredients. The concentrations of 26 analyzed active ingredients ranged between 0.000 and 0.247 mg/kg earthworm fresh weight with a mean of 0.005 mg/kg earthworm fresh weight. The percentage of samples with values below the limit of detection (LOD = ½ LOQ), values below the limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.001 mg/kg) and values above LOQ were 33, 44 and 23 %, respectively. Based on publicly available draft assessment reports from European Commission and European Food Safety Authority, degradation parameters (DT50, DT90) were used to calculate degradation curves and the current concentration in soil at the date of earthworm sampling. Subsequently, compoundspecific bioconcentration factors in soil were determined by dividing the analyzed pesticide residues in earthworms by the calculated concentrations in soil. The results of the study showed that most active ingredients do not pose a risk to earthworms and have no secondary poisoning potential to birds and mammals that feed on them. The retrospective analysis method of analytically measured neonicotinoid residues in earthworm samples can be reliably used to calculate degradation and concentration curves in soil at the time of sampling. Procjena ekološkog rizika sredstava za zaštitu bilja za organizme u tlu uglavnom se temelji na rezultatima laboratorijskih i proširenih laboratorijskih studija dok veza između laboratorija i realnih poljskih uvjeta tijekom nekoliko sezona nije dobro utvrđena. Trenutna procjena rizika za okoliš primjenjuje se na pojedinačne aktivne tvari i ne uzima u obzir da su organizmi u tlu izloženi mješavini mješavini aktivnih tvari različitih pesticida. U istraživanju su prikupljeni uzorci gujavica s osam polja u Hrvatskoj tijekom dvije vegetacijske sezone. Analizirani su na 300 aktivnih tvari. Koncentracije 26 analiziranih aktivnih tvari kretale su se od 0,000 do 0,247 mg/kg svježe mase gujavica sa srednjom vrijednosti od 0,005 mg/kg svježe mase gujavica. Postotak uzoraka s vrijednostima ispod granice detekcije (LOD = ½ LOQ), vrijednosti ispod granice kvantifikacije (LOQ = 0,001 mg/kg) i vrijednosti iznad LOQ iznosio je 33, 44 and 23%. Na temelju javno dostupnih nacrta izvješća o procjeni Europske komisije i Europske agencije za sigurnost hrane, parametri degradacije (DT50, DT90) korišteni su za izračunavanje krivulja razgradnje i koncentracije u tlu u vrijeme uzorkovanja gujavica. Potom su određeni faktori biokoncentracije specifičnih za spoj u tlu dijeljenjem analiziranih ostataka pesticida u gujavicama s izračunatim koncentracijama u tlu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da većina aktivnih tvari ne predstavlja rizik za gujavice i nema sekundarni potencijal trovanja za ptice i sisavce koji se njima hrane. Metoda retrospektivne analize analitički izmjerenih rezidua neonikotinoida u uzorcima gujavica može se pouzdano koristiti za izračunavanje krivulja razgradnje i koncentracije u tlu u vrijeme uzorkovanja. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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