Effects of Enantiomer and Isomer Permeation Enhancers on Transdermal Delivery of Ligustrazine Hydrochloride
| Autor: | Jia-bo Luo, Chun-Feng Zhang, Zhonglin Yang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
Swine
Hydrochloride Pharmaceutical Science Stereoisomerism In Vitro Techniques Administration Cutaneous Permeability chemistry.chemical_compound Keratolytic Agents Cyclohexenes Stratum corneum medicine Animals Adjuvants Pharmaceutic Skin Transdermal Drug Carriers Chromatography integumentary system Terpenes Chemistry General Medicine Penetration (firestop) Permeation Lipids medicine.anatomical_structure Pyrazines Enantiomer Drug carrier Limonene |
| Zdroj: | Pharmaceutical Development and Technology. 11:417-424 |
| ISSN: | 1097-9867 1083-7450 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/10837450600770163 |
| Popis: | Enantiomers and isomers, such as D-limonene, L-limonene, and alpha-terpinene, were selected as enhancers. The effects and mechanisms of penetration enhancers on in vitro transdermal delivery of ligustrazine hydrochloride (LH) across hairless porcine dorsal skin were investigated. Transdermal fluxes of LH through porcine skin were determined in vitro by Franz-type diffusion cells. D-limonene, L-limonene, and alpha-terpinene could significantly promote the transdermal fluxes of LH, but no statistical difference (p0.05) between them was found. The lag time of L-limonene and alpha-terpinene were 2.55 and 2.20 times compared with that of D-limonene. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) was carried out to analyze the effects of enhancers on the biophysical natures of the stratum corneum (SC) and the permeation enhancement mechanism. FTIR spectra revealed that the changes of peak shift and peak area due to C-H stretching vibrations in the SC lipids were associated with the selected enhancers. All of them could perturb and extract the SC lipids to different extent and L-limonene showed obvious changes. Morphological changes of the skin treated with enhancers were monitored by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The extraction of the SC lipids by the enhancers led to the disruption of SC and the desquamated SC flake. Apparent density (AD) was newly proposed to estimate the desquamated extent of SC flake. The results showed that the enantiomers and isomers enhanced the permeation of LH by pleiotropic mechanisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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