Exposure Assessment of Allergens and Metals in Settled Dust in French Nursery and Elementary Schools
| Autor: | Olivier Ramalho, Corinne Mandin, Jacques Ribéron, Nuno Canha, C. Dassonville, Mickaël Derbez, Guillaume Wyart |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Atmospheric Science
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences education metals chemistry.chemical_element lcsh:QC851-999 010501 environmental sciences Environmental Science (miscellaneous) settled dust complex mixtures 01 natural sciences Mite allergens 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Exposure assessment Cadmium biology Mean value enrichment factors Background concentrations Contamination biology.organism_classification respiratory tract diseases chemistry Environmental chemistry Soil water Environmental science lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology Cat allergen classrooms |
| Zdroj: | Atmosphere Volume 6 Issue 11 Pages 1676-1694 Atmosphere, Vol 6, Iss 11, Pp 1676-1694 (2015) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4433 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/atmos6111676 |
| Popis: | The aim of this study was to characterise the contamination in settled dust in French classrooms and to provide an overview of the influencing factors of dust contamination. Cat, dog and dust mite allergens and metals were measured in 51 classrooms at 17 schools. The concentrations of pet allergens in settled dust were generally low (mean value of 0.1 µg·g−1), with carpeted and rug-covered floors presenting higher dust and cat allergen concentrations. The highest metal loadings in dust were observed for manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu), while the lead (Pb) loadings were lower (16 ± 19 µg·m−2) and fell below the French guideline. Higher metal leachability was found for cadmium (Cd), Cu, Pb and strontium (Sr) at values of approximately 80%, which suggest that, in cases of dust ingestion by children, a large proportion should be assimilated through the gastro-intestinal tract. The intra-classroom and intra-school variabilities of the metal concentrations in settled dust were lower than the variability between schools. Classrooms with tiled floors had higher Pb loadings than classrooms with wood or vinyl floors. In addition, wet cleaning less than once a week resulted in greater loadings of Cu and Pb in the settled dust. Lastly, enrichment factors showed that metals in settled dust of classrooms were not only from the contribution of the natural background concentrations in soils. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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