Neural correlates of motor expertise: Extensive motor training and cortical changes

Autor: Claire Calmels
Přispěvatelé: French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Motor training
Computer science
Cortical changes
Motor Activity
Task (project management)
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Professional Competence
medicine
Humans
10. No inequality
Molecular Biology
Brain network
Neural correlates of consciousness
Brain Mapping
[SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport
Neuronal Plasticity
General Neuroscience
[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience
fMRI
Brain
Human brain
Complex network
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Identification (information)
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Motor Skills
Organizational patterns
Neurology (clinical)
Nerve Net
Motor expertise
Extensive and intensive training
sMRI
[SHS.SPORT.SCS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport cognitive sciences
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Developmental Biology
Cognitive psychology
Zdroj: Brain Research
Brain Research, Elsevier, 2019, ⟨10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146323⟩
ISSN: 0006-8993
Popis: International audience; Over the last two decades, there were many investigations on motor expertise but inconsistencies across findings exist. Thus, to unravel these discrepancies, we conducted a novel literature review, applying stricter inclusion criteria relative to those used in previous reviews. Consequently, this paper reviews the most recent MRI and fMRI literature which investigated structural and functional changes underlying motor expertise, defined as being the result of intensive and extensive motor training reflected by a sheer volume of at least several thousand hours. Changes were documented on a local level and on a network level where interactions between pairs of brain components were mainly considered. This review reveals that changes occur induced by lengthy-extensive motor training and that this training shapes the human brain in areas related to the execution of the task. It also highlights the coexistence of different cortical patterns within and between various brain areas/systems which makes it difficult to interpret. Using a large-scale complex network approach based on graph theory facilitates the identification of organizational patterns in brain network and thus enable interpretation. Other recommendations for future research are: attention to participant recruitment, use of histological/biochemical techniques, and combination of sMRI and task-free/task-related fMRIs.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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