Climatic Factors Influencing the Anthrax Outbreak of 2016 in Siberia, Russia
Autor: | Hanna Lappalainen, Dmitry Orlov, Markku Kulmala, Dmitry Drozdov, Sergey Zilitinkevich, Vladimir Melnikov, Ilmo Kukkonen, Torben R. Christensen, Alexander Mahura, Svetlana M. Malkhazova, Elli Suhonen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Dmitry Kaverin, Ekaterina Ezhova, Victor Gennadinik, Tuukka Petäjä |
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Přispěvatelé: | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Global Atmosphere-Earth surface feedbacks, INAR Physics, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Department of Physics |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
1171 Geosciences
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Climate Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Permafrost ECOLOGY 114 Physical sciences 01 natural sciences Disease Outbreaks Russia Anthrax PERMAFROST 03 medical and health sciences Snow Humans Ecosystem Precipitation 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 0303 health sciences Drought Ecology Arctic Regions Outbreak Original Contribution Siberia Geography Arctic 13. Climate action Animal ecology DISEASES Physical geography Snow cover |
Zdroj: | Ezhova, E, Orlov, D, Suhonen, E, Kaverin, D, Mahura, A, Gennadinik, V, Kukkonen, I, Drozdov, D, Lappalainen, H K, Melnikov, V, Petaja, T, Kerminen, V-M, Zilitinkevich, S, Malkhazova, S M, Christensen, T R & Kulmala, M 2021, ' Climatic Factors Influencing the Anthrax Outbreak of 2016 in Siberia, Russia ', EcoHealth, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 217-228 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-021-01549-5 Ecohealth |
ISSN: | 1612-9210 1612-9202 |
Popis: | In 2016, an outbreak of anthrax killing thousands of reindeer and affecting dozens of humans occurred on the Yamal peninsula, Northwest Siberia, after 70 years of epidemiological situation without outbreaks. The trigger of the outbreak has been ascribed to the activation of spores due to permafrost thaw that was accelerated during the summer heat wave. The focus of our study is on the dynamics of local environmental factors in connection with the observed anthrax revival. We show that permafrost was thawing rapidly for already 6 years before the outbreak. During 2011–2016, relatively warm years were followed by cold years with a thick snow cover, preventing freezing of the soil. Furthermore, the spread of anthrax was likely intensified by an extremely dry summer of 2016. Concurrent with the long-term decreasing trend in the regional annual precipitation, the rainfall in July 2016 was less than 10% of its 30-year mean value. We conclude that epidemiological situation of anthrax in the previously contaminated Arctic regions requires monitoring of climatic factors such as warming and precipitation extremes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10393-021-01549-5. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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