Discovering the potential of an nZVI-biochar composite as a material for the nanobioremediation of chlorinated solvents in groundwater: Degradation efficiency and effect on resident microorganisms
Autor: | Jaroslav Semerád, Kristýna Pospíšková, Alena Ševců, Nhung H. A. Nguyen, Alena Filipová, Jaroslav Nosek, Kateřina Bobčíková, Ivo Šafařík, Martin Pivokonský, Tomáš Cajthaml, Jan Filip, Ivo Medřík, Roman Špánek, Pavel Hrabák, Josef Kašlík |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Environmental remediation Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Microorganism 0208 environmental biotechnology Biomass 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Biostimulation RNA Ribosomal 16S Biochar Reductive dechlorination Environmental Chemistry Groundwater 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Chemistry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine General Chemistry Contamination Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Charcoal Environmental chemistry Solvents Degradation (geology) Water Pollutants Chemical |
Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 281:130915 |
ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
Popis: | Abiotic and biotic remediation of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) in groundwater from a real contaminated site was studied using biochar-based composites containing nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/BC) and natural resident microbes/specific CE degraders supported by a whey addition. The material represented by the biochar matrix decorated by isolated iron nanoparticles or their aggregates, along with the added whey, was capable of a stepwise dechlorination of CEs. The tested materials (nZVI/BC and BC) were able to decrease the original TCE concentration by 99% in 30 days. Nevertheless, regarding the transformation products, it was clear that biotic as well as abiotic transformation mechanisms were involved in the transformation process when nonchlorinated volatiles (i.e., methane, ethane, ethene, and acetylene) were detected after the application of nZVI/BC and nZVI/BC with whey. The whey addition caused a massive increase in bacterial biomass in the groundwater samples (monitored by 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR) that corresponded with the transformation of trichloro- and dichloro-CEs, and this process was accompanied by the formation of less chlorinated products. Moreover, the biostimulation step also eliminated the adverse effect caused by nZVI/BC (decrease in microbial biomass after nZVI/BC addition). The nZVI/BC material or its aging products, and probably together with vinyl chloride-respiring bacteria, were able to continue the further reductive dechlorination of dichlorinated CEs into nonhalogenated volatiles. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrate the potential, feasibility, and environmental safety of this nanobioremediation approach. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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