Enhancement of the Immunostimulatory Effect of Phosphodiester CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides by an Antiparallel Guanine-Quadruplex Structural Scaffold
Autor: | Kazunori Ikebukuro, Kaori Tsukakoshi, Tomohiko Yamazaki, Anh Thi Tram Tu, Fika Ayu Safitri, Arief Budi Witarto, Dandan Zhao, Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman, Miwako Shobo, Sony Heru Sumarsono, Kazuaki Hoshi |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Guanine
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide monomeric Antiparallel (biochemistry) Microbiology Biochemistry Article chemistry.chemical_compound Mice Adjuvants Immunologic adjuvant Animals high-order structure Molecular Biology Rational design hemic and immune systems immunostimulatory activity respiratory system QR1-502 guanine quadruplex chemistry CpG site Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Phosphodiester bond Biophysics Cytokine secretion Cytosine |
Zdroj: | Biomolecules Biomolecules, Vol 11, Iss 1617, p 1617 (2021) Volume 11 Issue 11 |
ISSN: | 2218-273X |
Popis: | Guanine-quadruplex-based CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (G4 CpG ODNs) have been developed as potent immunostimulatory agents with reduced sensitivity to nucleases. We designed new monomeric G4 ODNs with an antiparallel topology using antiparallel type duplex/G4 ODNs as robust scaffolds, and we characterized their topology and effects on cytokine secretion. Based on circular dichroism analysis and quantification of mRNA levels of immunostimulatory cytokines, it was found that monomeric antiparallel G4 CpG ODNs containing two CpG motifs in the first functional loop, named G2.0.0, could maintain antiparallel topology and generate a high level of immunostimulatory cytokines in RAW264 mouse macrophage-like cell lines. We also found that the flanking sequence in the CpG motif altered the immunostimulatory effects. Gc2c.0.0 and Ga2c.0.0 are monomeric antiparallel G4 CpG ODNs with one cytosine in the 3 & PRIME; terminal and one cytosine/adenine in the 5 & PRIME; terminal of CpG motifs that maintained the same resistance to degradation in serum as G2.0.0 and improved interleukin-6 production in RAW264 and bone marrow-derived macrophages. The immunostimulatory activity of antiparallel G4 CpG ODNs is superior to that of linear natural CpG ODNs. These results provide insights for the rational design of highly potent CpG ODNs using antiparallel G4 as a robust scaffold. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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