Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review
| Autor: | Jade Connor, Natasha R. Johnson, Hanna Amanuel, Sarina Madhavan, Lydia E. Pace, Mugdha Mokashi, Deborah Bartz |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Health (social science)
Gender health disparities Health Status Intimate Partner Violence Review Article Disease Health(social science) 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine History and Philosophy of Science Drug Development Risk Factors Environmental health Pandemic Health care Medicine Humans Maternal Health Services 030212 general & internal medicine Workplace Pandemics Reproductive health Equity (economics) business.industry SARS-CoV-2 030503 health policy & services Racial Groups Outbreak COVID-19 Mental health Mental Health Caregivers Social system Women's Health Female Pregnant Women 0305 other medical science business Stress Psychological |
| Zdroj: | Social Science & Medicine Social Science & Medicine (1982) |
| ISSN: | 1873-5347 |
| Popis: | Background The Covid-19 pandemic is straining healthcare systems in the US and globally, which has wide-reaching implications for health. Women experience unique health risks and outcomes influenced by their gender, and this narrative review aims to outline how these differences are exacerbated in the Covid-19 pandemic. Observations It has been well described that men suffer from greater morbidity and mortality once infected with SARS-CoV-2. This review analyzed the health, economic, and social systems that result in gender-based differences in the areas healthcare workforce, reproductive health, drug development, gender-based violence, and mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. The increased risk of certain negative health outcomes and reduced healthcare access experienced by many women are typically exacerbated during pandemics. We assess data from previous disease outbreaks coupled with literature from the Covid-19 pandemic to examine the impact of gender on women's SARS-CoV-2 exposure and disease risks and overall health status during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusions Gender differences in health risks and implications are likely to be expanded during the Covid-19 pandemic. Efforts to foster equity in health, social, and economic systems during and in the aftermath of Covid-19 may mitigate the inequitable risks posed by pandemics and other times of healthcare stress. Highlights • Female caregivers have an increased exposure risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. • Covid-19 restricts access to family planning and intimate partner violence resources. • Multifactorial stress is uniquely exacerbated among women during Covid-19. • Gender-informed policies are needed to combat health disparities during pandemics. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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