Social interactions and the prophylaxis of SI epidemics on networks

Autor: Géraldine Bouveret, Antoine Mandel
Přispěvatelé: Nanayang Technological University (NTU), Nanayang Technological University, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Antoine Mandel acknowledges support from ITN ExSIDE European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 721846., European Project: 721846,Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) in Horizon 2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016/H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016,ExSIDE(2017), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Economics and Econometrics
Science
Epidemic Spreading
jel:D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D62 - Externalities
Social Welfare
Network
JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D62 - Externalities
Social sciences
Article
JEL: I - Health
Education
and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health
Microeconomics
jel:D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information
Knowledge
and Uncertainty/D.D8.D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
Order (exchange)
0502 economics and business
Price of anarchy
Economics
Public Good
050207 economics
050205 econometrics
Applied Mathematics
Price of Anarchy
05 social sciences
Pareto principle
Public good
[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information
Knowledge
and Uncertainty/D.D8.D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
jel:I - Health
Education
and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health
Autarky
Inefficiency
Centrality
Zdroj: Journal of Mathematical Economics
Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, 2021, 93, pp.102486. ⟨10.1016/j.jmateco.2021.102486⟩
Journal of Mathematical Economics, 2021, 93, pp.102486. ⟨10.1016/j.jmateco.2021.102486⟩
ISSN: 0304-4068
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmateco.2021.102486
Popis: We investigate the containment of epidemic spreading in networks from a normative point of view. We consider a susceptible/infected model in which agents can invest in order to reduce the contagiousness of network links. In this setting, we study the relationships between social efficiency, individual behaviours and network structure. First, we characterise individual and socially efficient behaviour using the notions of communicability and exponential centrality. Second we show, by computing the Price of Anarchy, that the level of inefficiency can scale up linearly with the number of agents. Third, we prove that policies of uniform reduction of interactions satisfy someoptimalityconditions in a vast range of networks. In setting where no central authority can enforce such stringent policies, we consider as a type of second-best policy the implementation of cooperation frameworks that allow agents to subsidise prophylactic investments in the global rather than in the local network. We then characterise the scope for Pareto improvement opened by such policies through a notion of Price ofAutarky, measuring the ratio between social welfare at a global and a local equilibrium. Overall, our results show that individual behaviours can be extremely inefficient in the face of epidemic propagation but that policy can take advantage of the network structure to design welfare improving containment policies.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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