Association of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Pneumococcal Carriage, and Respiratory Viral Infections Among Children in France

Autor: Alexis Rybak, Corinne Levy, François Angoulvant, Anne Auvrignon, Piotr Gembara, Kostas Danis, Sophie Vaux, Daniel Levy-Bruhl, Sylvie van der Werf, Stéphane Béchet, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Zein Assad, Andréa Lazzati, Morgane Michel, Florentia Kaguelidou, Albert Faye, Robert Cohen, Emmanuelle Varon, Naïm Ouldali
Přispěvatelé: Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne (ACTIV), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Health data- and model- driven Knowledge Acquisition (HeKA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and Pediatrics, Université de Montréal (UdeM), This work was supported by funding from Pfizer (via ACTIV) for the pneumococcal carriage study, funding from the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (via the National Reference Center for Pneumococci) for the invasive pneumococcal disease study, and a 2021-2023 fellowship award from the European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Dr Ouldali).
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: JAMA Network Open
JAMA Network Open, 2022, 5 (6), pp.e2218959. ⟨10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18959⟩
ISSN: 2574-3805
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18959⟩
Popis: International audience; Key PointsQuestion Was the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and associated pneumococcal carriage and respiratory viral infections (RSVs) in children in France?Findings In this cohort study using interrupted time series analysis of data from multiple national surveillance systems involving 11 944 children, the incidence of pediatric IPD decreased after implementation of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This decrease was associated with decreases in influenza and RSV cases, but the pneumococcal carriage rate remained stable.Meaning These results suggest that the established association between pneumococcal carriage and IPD was modified after viral epidemiological changes associated with NPIs, suggesting that interventions targeting respiratory viruses may help prevent a large proportion of pediatric IPD cases.AbstractImportance An association between pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been previously established. However, it is unclear whether the decrease in IPD incidence observed after implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with concomitant changes in pneumococcal carriage and respiratory viral infections.Objective To assess changes in IPD incidence after the implementation of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine their temporal association with changes in pneumococcal carriage rate and respiratory viral infections (specifically respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] and influenza cases) among children in France.Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used interrupted time series analysis of data from ambulatory and hospital-based national continuous surveillance systems of pneumococcal carriage, RSV and influenza-related diseases, and IPD between January 1, 2007, and March 31, 2021. Participants included 11 944 children younger than 15 years in France.Exposures Implementation of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcomes and Measures The estimated fraction of IPD change after implementation of NPIs and the association of this change with concomitant changes in pneumococcal carriage rate and RSV and influenza cases among children younger than 15 years. The estimated fraction of change was analyzed using a quasi-Poisson regression model.Results During the study period, 5113 children (median [IQR] age, 1.0 [0.6-4.0] years; 2959 boys [57.9%]) had IPD, and 6831 healthy children (median [IQR] age, 1.5 [0.9-3.9] years; 3534 boys [51.7%]) received a swab test. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. After NPI implementation, IPD incidence decreased by 63% (95% CI, −82% to −43%; P
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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