Weather and air pollutants have an impact on patients with respiratory diseases and breathing difficulties in Munich, Germany
| Autor: | Rudolf A. Jörres, Rainald Fischer, Andreas Bayerstadler, Eva R. Wanka, Dennis Nowak, Christian Heumann |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Atmospheric Science medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Urban Population Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Air pollution Environment medicine.disease_cause Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Young Adult Age Distribution Ambulatory care Risk Factors Environmental health Air Pollution Germany medicine Emergency medical services Prevalence Humans Medical prescription Sex Distribution Intensive care medicine Child Air quality index Weather Asthma Aged Pollutant Aged 80 and over Ecology business.industry Infant Newborn Infant Environmental exposure Environmental Exposure Middle Aged medicine.disease Causality Child Preschool Female business |
| Zdroj: | International journal of biometeorology. 58(2) |
| ISSN: | 1432-1254 |
| Popis: | This study determined the influence of various meteorological variables and air pollutants on airway disorders in general, and asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in particular, in Munich, Bavaria, during 2006 and 2007. This was achieved through an evaluation of the daily frequency of calls to medical and emergency call centres, ambulatory medical care visits at general practitioners, and prescriptions of antibiotics for respiratory diseases. Meteorological parameters were extracted from data supplied by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast. Data on air pollutant levels were extracted from the air quality database of the European Environmental Agency for different measurement sites. In addition to descriptive analyses, a backward elimination procedure was performed to identify variables associated with medical outcome variables. Afterwards, generalised additive models (GAM) were used to verify whether the selected variables had a linear or nonlinear impact on the medical outcomes. The analyses demonstrated associations between environmental parameters and daily frequencies of different medical outcomes, such as visits at GPs and air pressure (-27 % per 10 hPa change) or ozone (-24 % per 10 μg/m(3) change). The results of the GAM indicated that the effects of some covariates, such as carbon monoxide on consultations at GPs, or humidity on medical calls in general, were nonlinear, while the type of association varied between medical outcomes. These data suggest that the multiple, complex effect of environmental factors on medical outcomes should not be assumed homogeneous or linear a priori and that different settings might be associated with different types of associations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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