Dissemination of Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole Drug Resistance Genes Associated with Class 1 and Class 2 Integrons Among Gram-Negative Bacteria from HIV Patients in South India
| Autor: | Seetharaman Srivani, Aridoss Dhanasezhian, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Ramachandran Vignesh, Sunil S. Solomon, Nallusamy Vijaykanth, Natesan Manikandan, Sethuramalingam Balakrishnan, Marimuthu Ragavan Ramesh Kumar, Suniti Solomon, Narasingam Arunagirinathan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Gram-negative bacteria medicine.drug_class medicine.medical_treatment 030106 microbiology Immunology Antibiotics India HIV Infections Drug resistance Pneumocystis carinii urologic and male genital diseases Microbiology beta-Lactamases Integrons 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Enterobacteriaceae Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests Drug Resistance Multiple Bacterial Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Pharmacology biology Coinfection Pneumonia Pneumocystis Sulfamethoxazole Enterobacteriaceae Infections Gene Expression Regulation Bacterial bacterial infections and mycoses biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Virology Trimethoprim female genital diseases and pregnancy complications Anti-Bacterial Agents Primary Prevention Genes Bacterial Beta-lactamase Bacteria medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Microbial Drug Resistance. 23:602-608 |
| ISSN: | 1931-8448 1076-6294 |
| DOI: | 10.1089/mdr.2016.0034 |
| Popis: | The antibiotic, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), is generally used for prophylaxis in HIV individuals to protect them from Pneumocystis jiroveci infection. Long-term use of TMP-SMX develops drug resistance among bacteria in HIV patients. The study was aimed to detect the TMP-SMX resistance genes among gram-negative bacteria from HIV patients. TMP-SMX-resistant isolates were detected by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. While TMP resistance genes such as dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, and dfrA17 and SMX resistance genes such as sul1 and sul2 were detected by multiplex PCR, class 1 and class 2 integrons were detected by standard monoplex PCR. Of the 151 TMP-SMX-resistant bacterial isolates, 3 were positive for sul1 alone, 48 for sul2 alone, 11 for dfrA7 alone, 21 for sul1 and sul2, 1 for sul1 and dfrA7, 23 for sul2 and dfrA7, 2 for sul2 and dfrA5, 41 for sul1, sul2, and dfrA7, and 1 for sul2, dfrA5, and dfrA7. Of 60 TMP-SMX-resistant isolates positive for integrons, 44 had class 1 and 16 had class 2 integrons. It was found that the prevalence of sul genes (n = 202; p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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