Human health risk assessment and geochemical mobility of rare earth elements in Amazon soils
| Autor: | Hedinaldo Narciso Lima, Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes, Maria Tereza Weitzel Dias Carneiro Lima, Scott Fendorf, Suellen Geronimo Cordeiro, Matheus da Silva Ferreira, Nathalia Luiza Passamani Wyatt |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Soil test Amazon rainforest Rare earth Extraction (chemistry) Pollution Risk Assessment Human health Soil Hazardous waste Environmental chemistry Soil water Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Humans Soil Pollutants Metals Rare Earth Risk assessment Child Waste Management and Disposal Ecosystem |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. 806(Pt 2) |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Rare earth elements (REEs) are a grouping of elements that encompasses lanthanides, yttrium and scandium due to their similar chemical properties and occurrence in ore deposits. Over the past few decades, economic interest in REEs has increased due to their use in several types of industries such as high-tech, medicine and agriculture. Extraction of REEs has been followed, in general, by incorrect disposal of tailing and waste, creating hazardous conditions in several countries. However, the magnitude of the possible impacts on ecosystem and human health are relatively unknown, especially in tropical systems. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess the geochemical mobility and the bioaccessibility of REEs based on a series of chemical extractions and in vitro essay. We also tested two promising simple protocols (0.01 mol L−1 CaCl2 and 0.43 mol L−1 HNO3) for measuring REE bioaccessible fractions through a single extraction. Our findings show that the bioavailable fractions represent less than 20% of the ΣREEs fraction in all soil samples examine. Similarly, the oral bioaccessibility obtained by two in vitro methods (Gastric protocol and Gastric-Intestinal protocol) and by the single extraction tests represented less than 20% of the ΣREE contents. The non-carcinogenic risks and the carcinogenic risks associated to REEs oral exposure were low for children and adults. The extractions with 0.01 mol L−1 CaCl2 showed great potential as a method for measuring the REEs bioaccessible fraction. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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