Humming Trains in Seismology: An Opportune Source for Probing the Shallow Crust
| Autor: | Pierre Boué, Yehuda Ben-Zion, Aurélien Mordret, Christopher J. Bean, François Lavoué, Florent Brenguier, Philippe Dales, Dan Hollis, Laura Pinzon-Rincon, Frank L. Vernon |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), European Project: 817803 ,FaultScan |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Seismological Research Letters Seismological Research Letters, Seismological Society of America, 2021, 92 (2A), pp.623-635. ⟨10.1785/0220200248⟩ Seismological Research Letters, 2021, 92 (2A), pp.623-635. ⟨10.1785/0220200248⟩ |
| ISSN: | 1938-2057 0895-0695 |
| DOI: | 10.1785/0220200248 |
| Popis: | Link to published version:https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/srl/article-abstract/92/2A/623/594056/Humming-Trains-in-Seismology-An-Opportune-Source?redirectedFrom=fulltext; International audience; Seismologists are eagerly seeking new and preferably low‐cost ways to map and track changes in the complex structure of the top few kilometers of the crust. By understanding it better, they can build on what is known regarding important, practical issues. These include telling us whether imminent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are generating telltale underground signs of hazard, about mitigation of induced seismicity such as from deep injection of wastewater, how the Earth and its atmosphere couple, and where accessible natural resources are. Passive seismic imaging usually relies on blind correlations within extended recordings of Earth’s ceaseless “hum” or coda of well‐mixed, small vibrations. In this article, we propose a complementary approach. It is seismic interferometry using opportune sources—specifically ones not stationary in time and moving in a well‐understood configuration. Its interpretation relies on an accurate understanding of how these sources radiate seismic waves, precise timing, careful placement of pairs of listening stations, and seismic phase differentiation (surface and body waves). Massive freight trains were only recently recognized as such a persistent, powerful cultural (human activity‐caused) seismic source. One train passage may generate a tremor with an energy output of a magnitude 1 earthquake and be detectable for up to 100 km from the track. We discuss the source mechanisms of train tremors and review the basic theory on sources. Finally, we present case studies of body‐ and surface‐wave retrieval as an aid to mineral exploration in Canada and to monitoring of a southern California fault zone. We believe noise recovery from this new signal source, together with dense data acquisition technologies such as nodes or distributed acoustic sensing, will deeply transform our ability to monitor activity in the shallow crust at sharpened resolution in time and space. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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