Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation
| Autor: | Tristan Shuman, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Suzanne C. Wood |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Sibley, David R |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Drug Abuse (NIDA Only)
medicine.medical_specialty medicine.medical_treatment media_common.quotation_subject Modafinil Basic Behavioral and Social Science Euphoriant Methamphetamine Cognition Cocaine Caffeine Behavioral and Social Science medicine Animals Humans Pharmacology & Pharmacy Benzhydryl Compounds Amphetamine Psychiatry Review Articles media_common Pharmacology Methylphenidate Addiction Neurosciences Substance Abuse Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brain Disorders Stimulant 5.1 Pharmaceuticals Molecular Medicine Mental health Central Nervous System Stimulants Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions Psychology medicine.drug Clinical psychology |
| Zdroj: | Pharmacological reviews, vol 66, iss 1 Wood, S; Sage, JR; Shuman, T; & Anagnostaras, SG. (2014). Psychostimulants and cognition: A continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation. Pharmacological Reviews, 66(1), 193-221. doi: 10.1124/pr.112.007054. UC San Diego: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6ww500q0 |
| DOI: | 10.1124/pr.112.007054. |
| Popis: | Psychostimulants such as cocaine have been used as performance enhancers throughout recorded history. Although psychostimulants are commonly prescribed to improve attention and cognition, a great deal of literature has described their ability to induce cognitive deficits, as well as addiction. How can a single drug class be known to produce both cognitive enhancement and impairment? Properties of the particular stimulant drug itself and individual differences between users have both been suggested to dictate the outcome of stimulant use. A more parsimonious alternative, which we endorse, is that dose is the critical determining factor in cognitive effects of stimulant drugs. Herein, we review several popular stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine, methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine), outlining their history of use, mechanism of action, and use and abuse today. One common graphic depiction of the cognitive effects of psychostimulants is an inverted U-shaped dose-effect curve. Moderate arousal is beneficial to cognition, whereas too much activation leads to cognitive impairment. In parallel to this schematic, we propose a continuum of psychostimulant activation that covers the transition from one drug effect to another as stimulant intake is increased. Low doses of stimulants effect increased arousal, attention, and cognitive enhancement; moderate doses can lead to feelings of euphoria and power, as well as addiction and cognitive impairment; and very high doses lead to psychosis and circulatory collapse. This continuum helps account for the seemingly disparate effects of stimulant drugs, with the same drug being associated with cognitive enhancement and impairment. © 2013 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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