Sinomenine enhances microglia M2 polarization and attenuates inflammatory injury in intracerebral hemorrhage
| Autor: | Hai Su, Changlong Zhou, Zulu Su, Hui Shi, Xuenong He, Ming Zhong, Qijiang Xiong, Kuang Zheng, Hao Chen, Yi Zhang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Cell Survival Immunology Inflammation Matrix metalloproteinase Hippocampal formation Pharmacology Flow cytometry 03 medical and health sciences Mice 0302 clinical medicine medicine Immunology and Allergy Animals cardiovascular diseases Sinomenine Cells Cultured Cerebral Hemorrhage Intracerebral hemorrhage Microglia medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Cell Polarity medicine.disease nervous system diseases Mice Inbred C57BL 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Neurology Morphinans Brain Injuries Toxicity Encephalitis Neurology (clinical) medicine.symptom business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Journal of neuroimmunology. 299 |
| ISSN: | 1872-8421 |
| Popis: | Microglia polarization plays a vital role in brain inflammatory injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Previous studies have shown that sinomenine possesses potential immunoregulatory capabilities. However, microglia polarization's exact mechanisms in ICH remain uncertain. Therefore, we examined the role of sinomenine on microglia polarization and brain inflammation following ICH. For the experiment, autologous blood models were constructed in C57/BL6 mice. Markers of classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) microglia were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Microglial toxicity was assessed using MTT and FACS assays. In addition, the neurological deficit and cerebral water content of ICH mice were also observed. Sinomenine attenuated M1 markers while promoting M2 markers of microglia. Sinomenine also protected hippocampal neurons from indirect toxicity mediated by ICH-treated microglia. Additionally, administration of sinomenine inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3/9 expression, cerebral water content, and neurological deficit. Therefore, sinomenine protected brain function following ICH, perhaps via M2 microglia phenotype induction and MMP 3/9 inhibition. This result suggests that sinomenine is a promising therapeutical strategy in ICH. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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