Physical Risk Factors for a Medial Elbow Injury in Junior Baseball Players: A Prospective Cohort Study of 353 Players
| Autor: | Jun Sakata, Atsushi Akaike, Kuniaki Shimizu, Emi Nakamura, Makoto Suzukawa |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
ELBOW INJURY medicine.medical_specialty Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Physical function Baseball Elbow pain Cohort Studies 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Japan Risk Factors Humans Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Prospective Studies Range of Motion Articular Risk factor Child Prospective cohort study 030222 orthopedics business.industry Incidence 030229 sport sciences External rotation Case-Control Studies Athletic Injuries Physical therapy Female Ultrasonography Elbow Injuries business Range of motion |
| Zdroj: | The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 45:135-143 |
| ISSN: | 1552-3365 0363-5465 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/0363546516663931 |
| Popis: | Background: The physical risk factors for a medial elbow injury in junior baseball players are unknown. Purpose: To identify the risk factors for an initial medial elbow injury in junior baseball players. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Junior baseball players (aged 6-12 years) without a history of elbow pain underwent a clinical assessment, ultrasonography, and physical function measurements before the baseball season started. Bilateral passive range of motion (ROM) of elbow extension and flexion, external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) of the shoulder, and ER and IR of the hip were measured. IR and ER strength of the shoulder and scapular muscles were measured on both sides. The thoracic kyphosis angle was measured with participants in a relaxed standing position. Before these examinations, every participant completed a questionnaire regarding his or her age, sex, total years of baseball played, position in baseball, number of balls thrown, and episodes of pain during throwing. After the initial test session, each participant was followed up for 12 months to assess for the occurrence of a new injury. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for a medial elbow injury. Results: Seventy-eight players (22.1%) sustained a medial elbow injury. Age ≥9 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.708; 95% CI, 1.224-5.990), pitcher position (OR, 2.620; 95% CI, 1.389-4.941), >100 throws per day (OR, 1.936; 95% CI, 1.072-3.497), thoracic kyphosis angle ≥30° (OR, 2.501; 95% CI, 1.381-4.531), and elbow extension deficit ≥5° (OR, 1.973; 95% CI, 1.022-3.809) were significantly associated with a medial elbow injury. Conclusion: The incidence of an initial medial elbow injury was 22.1%. Age, number of throws per day, thoracic kyphosis angle, and elbow extension deficit are newly discovered risk factors related to physical function. Improvement of the posture and early detection of a silent elbow extension deficit may prevent a medial elbow injury. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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