Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats
Autor: | Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman, Victoria M. Williams, Aminu Imam, Asma'u Shehu Muhammad, Moyosore Salihu Ajao, Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole, Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu, Royhaan Folarin, Musa Iyiola Ajibola, Samson Chengetanai |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Elevated plus maze Aché Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Morris water navigation task oxidative damage Toxicology lcsh:Chemical technology Organophosphate poisoning Article Open field 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine organophosphates Internal medicine neurotoxicity medicine Hippocampus (mythology) lcsh:TP1-1185 Chemical Health and Safety business.industry Neurotoxicity medicine.disease Acetylcholinesterase language.human_language 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology chemistry language anxiety-related behaviors business spatial working memory 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Toxics, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 71 (2018) Toxics; Volume 6; Issue 4; Pages: 71 Toxics |
ISSN: | 2305-6304 |
Popis: | The execution of agricultural activities on an industrial scale has led to indiscriminate deposition of toxic xenobiotics, including organophosphates, in the biome. This has led to intoxication characterized by deleterious oxidative and neuronal changes. This study investigated the consequences of oxidative and neurogenic disruptions that follow exposure to a combination of two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP), on neuro-cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (150⁻170 g) were randomly divided into four groups, orally exposed to normal saline (NS), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg), CPF (14.9 mg/kg), and DDVP + CPF for 14 consecutive days. On day 10 of exposure, anxiety-like behavior and amygdala-dependent fear learning were assessed using open field and elevated plus maze paradigms, respectively, while spatial working memory was assessed on day 14 in the Morris water maze paradigm, following three training trials on days 11, 12, and 13. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and their brains excised, with the hippocampus and amygdala removed. Five of these samples were homogenized and centrifuged to analyze nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the other three were processed for histology (cresyl violet stain) and proliferative markers (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Marked (p ≤0.05) loss in body weight, AChE depletion, and overproduction of both NO and ROS were observed after repeated exposure to individual and combined doses of CPF and DDVP. Insults from DDVP exposure appeared more severe owing to the observed greater losses in the body weights of exposed rats. There was also a significant (p ≤0.05) effect on the cognitive behaviors recorded from the exposed rats, and these deficits were related to the oxidative damage and neurogenic cell loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala of the exposed rats. Taken together, these results provided an insight that oxidative and neurogenic damage are central to the severity of neuro-cognitive dysfunction and increased anxiety-like behaviors that follow organophosphate poisoning. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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