Tráfico vesicular, un viaje épico de las proteínas hacia la membrana

Autor: Martínez-Navarro, Angélica Concepción, Chamorro-Flores, Alejandra, Vázquez-Bustos, Grissel, Ríos-Meléndez, Selma, Villalobos-López, Miguel Ángel, Pantoja, Omar, Arroyo-Becerra, Analilia
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7238038
Popis: RESUMEN La comunicación en las células eucariontes depende de un complejo sistema de membranas y varios mecanismos de tráfico intracelular en respuesta a señales externas e internas para controlar las respuestas fisiológicas. Las proteínas recién sintetizadas se envían a sus destinos celulares a través de dos tipos de procesos, uno basado en el péptido señal y el otro basado en el tráfico vesicular. El transporte de proteínas a través de vesículas ocurre en la vía secretora y la vía endocítica. El sistema de endomembranas funciona como una vía por la cual las vesículas se movilizan para llegar a su destino. Esta revisión brinda una descripción general de los mecanismos involucrados en el tráfico vesicular, incluidas las principales proteínas para la formación, división y fusión de vesículas, con énfasis general en las cubiertas de vesículas, proteínas SNARE, proteínas adaptadoras y receptores de selección de carga. Además, se dan a conocer ejemplos de defectos y enfermedades causadas por la inadecuada movilización de las proteínas en diferentes organismos con énfasis en humanos, lo que evidencia la importancia del tráfico vesicular. Finalmente se plantea un panorama de lo que falta por conocer y el potencial aporte del estudio de organismos adaptados a ambientes extremos. ABSTRACT Communication in eukaryotic cells depends on a complex membrane system and several intracellular trafficking mechanisms in response to external and internal cues to control physiological responses. Newly synthesized proteins are delivered to their cellular destinations through two types of processes, one based on signal peptide, and the other, based on vesicular trafficking. Transport of proteins through vesicles occurs along the secretory pathway and endocytic pathway. The endomembrane system functions as a track by which the vesicles are mobilized to reach their destination. This review gives an overview of mechanisms involved in vesicular trafficking including the main proteins for vesicle formation, cleavage, and fusion with overall emphasis on vesicle coats, SNARE proteins, adaptor proteins and cargo selection receptors. Additionally, examples of defects and diseases caused by the inadequate mobilization of proteins in different organisms, with emphasis on humans, are disclosed, which shows the importance of vesicular traffic. Finally, an overview of what remains to be known and the potential contribution of the study of organisms adapted to extreme environments is given.
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