Direct seeding associated with a mixture of winter cover crops decreases weed abundance while increasing cash-crop yields
| Autor: | Boris Brasseur, Olivier Chabrerie, Frédéric Dupont, Ali Almoussawi, Ahmad Kobaissi, Fabien Spicher, Jonathan Lenoir, Frédéric Dubois, Guillaume Decocq, Déborah Closset-Kopp |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Faculty of Sciences [Lebanese University], Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Viola arvensis Soil Science [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity Abundance (ecology) Permanent plant cover Helianthus annuus Cover crop Relative species abundance Weed community Earth-Surface Processes 2. Zero hunger [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment biology 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences 15. Life on land biology.organism_classification Tillage Agricultural practices Agronomy Camelina sativa 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Reduced tillage Species richness [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology Weed Agronomy and Crop Science |
| Zdroj: | Soil and Tillage Research Soil and Tillage Research, Elsevier, 2020, 200, pp.104622. ⟨10.1016/j.still.2020.104622⟩ |
| ISSN: | 0167-1987 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.still.2020.104622⟩ |
| Popis: | International audience; In this study, we aim to evaluate the respective and combined effect of soil tillage reduction and winter cover crops (CCs) on both weed species recruitment and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) yields. By controlling the species composition and propagule pressure of weeds, we tested four soil cover rotation treatments with winter CCs (either Camelina sativa or a winter CC-mix of Leguminosae-Brassicaceae) or nothing (control) followed by a sunflower culture or nothing (control) in combination with two soil preparation treatments (reduced tillage vs. direct seeding) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment. Our experiment thus comprised 24 experimental units (4 m × 1 m). In each experimental unit, seeds of 40 weed species were sown in May 2017 and seedling emergence was subsequently monitored in mid-July, August and September 2017. We used generalized linear models to analyze the effect of soil cover rotation, soil preparation and the two-way interaction term on species richness, abundance (i.e. number of individuals) and sunflower yield. We additionally used generalized linear mixed-effects models to analyze species relative abundance changes throughout the monitoring period and relative to an exhaustive vegetation survey performed at the beginning of the experiment. Our results show that reduced tillage may increase weed species richness under some circumstances, as well as the abundance of two annual species (i.e. Viola arvensis and Fumaria officinalis). Winter CC-mix reduces the abundance of the most dominant weed species (i.e. the grass Echinochloa crus-galli) while increasing the average weight of sunflower seeds per stem. Irrespective of the tillage treatment, we found that C. sativa favors the presence of patrimonial weed species at the expense of noxious species. We conclude that direct seeding associated with winter CC-mix allows controlling weed abundance while increasing cash-crop yields, and thus meets criteria for a sustainable agriculture. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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