Potential of Sulphur-containing Amino Acids in the Prevention of Catecholamine-induced Arrhythmias
Autor: | Robert Hatala, Paramjit S. Tappia, Adriana Adameova, Naranjan S. Dhalla |
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Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Sympathetic nervous system Taurine Oxidative phosphorylation medicine.disease_cause Biochemistry 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Catecholamines Internal medicine Drug Discovery medicine Animals Humans Amino Acids Pharmacology chemistry.chemical_classification Cardiotoxicity Chemistry Organic Chemistry Arrhythmias Cardiac Amino acid Cell biology 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Ion homeostasis Endocrinology Catecholamine Molecular Medicine Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Sulfur Oxidative stress medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | Current Medicinal Chemistry. 25:346-354 |
ISSN: | 0929-8673 |
Popis: | Background: Various physiological and pathological stimuli can hypersensitize the sympathetic nervous system resulting in a substantial release of catecholamines (CA) and consequent alterations in excitation-contraction coupling and excitation-transcription coupling. Observations: It has been shown that oxidation products of CA, rather than CA themselves, are responsible for such adaptation to a new equilibrium. While chronic, sustained accumulation of CA and their toxic products are associated with the depression in cardiac contractile force and remodeling, acute excessive release of CA can result in brief oxidative bursts and serious damage leading in lethal arrhythmias. In response to such oxidative stress, dysregulation of ion homeostasis, activation of neurohumoral system, immune and inflammatory responses, are augmented. These events are inter-related, and as a complex promote electrical instability. Likewise, remodeling occurring after the loss of cardiomyocytes, induces the development of a proarrhythmogenic environment. Thus, CA oxidation products may be involved in triggering arrhythmias as a result of both changes in cardiac cell automaticity and conduction velocity. In contrast, sulphur-containing amino acids (S-AA), in particular taurine and its precursor cysteine have been shown to modulate redox state of the heart. However, the multiple anti-oxidant properties of S-AA are unlikely to be exclusively responsible for their anti-arrhythmic action. They also possess additional cytoprotective effects which can stabilize electrical activity of the heart. Conclusion: It is concluded that specific S-AA may attenuate deleterious effects of supraphysiological levels of CA and this could serve as an important mechanism for the treatment and/or prevention of arrhythmogenesis. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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