The pattern of anthrax at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in Zimbabwe
Autor: | Daud N. Ndhlovu, Gift Matope, Alexandre Caron, Michel De Garine-Wichatitsky, Davies M. Pfukenyi, Norman L. Mukarati |
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Přispěvatelé: | University of Zimbabwe (UZ), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Kasetsart University, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (KU), Kasetsart University, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Eduardo Mondlane University, This work was jointly funded by the Ministere Francais des Affaires Etrangeres through the FSP-RenCaRe project (FSP no 2011/36) run under Research Platform 'Production and Conservation in Partnership' (www.rp-pcp.org), and the University of Zimbabwe Research Board |
Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Bacterial Diseases
Male 0301 basic medicine Epidemiology [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] RC955-962 Wildlife Fièvre charbonneuse L73 - Maladies des animaux Pediatrics Geographical Locations Medical Conditions 0302 clinical medicine Zoonoses Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Public and Occupational Health Child Animal Management 2. Zero hunger Disease surveillance Incidence (epidemiology) Zoonosis Child Health Eukaryota Agriculture Middle Aged Infectious Diseases Geography Veterinary Diseases Child Preschool Female Livestock Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Faune Research Article Zimbabwe Adult zoonose Bétail Adolescent 030231 tropical medicine relation homme-faune Bacillus Anthracis Animals Wild Disease Surveillance Child health Anthrax Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Environmental health medicine Animals Humans Surveillance épidémiologique Transmission des maladies Herbivore [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health business.industry Organisms Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Biology and Life Sciences Outbreak L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales 15. Life on land medicine.disease Bioterrorism 030104 developmental biology People and Places Africa Veterinary Science business Zoology |
Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 10, p e0008800 (2020) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, 2020, 14 (10), pp.e0008800. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0008800⟩ |
ISSN: | 1935-2735 1935-2727 |
Popis: | Anthrax is an important but neglected zoonosis in southern Africa and elsewhere which occurs naturally in herbivorous wildlife and livestock. Fatal outbreaks in animals are spaced by potentially extended periods of non-activity during which the bacterium is maintained in soil. The ecology of the pathogen in the multi-host system and the environment is still not fully understood. This study investigated the patterns of anthrax in Zimbabwe in order to better understand the occurrence of disease in susceptible wildlife and livestock and hence its control. The study used available data in governmental reports between 1995 and 2018 and structured interviewer-administered questionnaires of local communities in three porous wildlife-livestock-human interface sites where livestock/wildlife interactions were documented from previous researches. Two non-interface sites were also included for comparison based on known previous anthrax outbreaks. Respondents from non-interface sites had significantly higher odds (χ2 = 23.2, OR = 3.5, 2.1 Author summary Anthrax is an expanding zoonotic and tropical disease which negatively impacts livestock, wildlife and human health ultimately impacting livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. In this work we have shown it to be a serious disease in Zimbabwe where its surveillance and control are sub-optimum even though it is causing serious losses in animals and human health. Observed practices such as the non-burial of infected carcasses subsequently contaminating the environment following anthrax outbreaks in animals, have most likely contributed to its expansion in geographic range and the increase in frequency of outbreaks. Since the late 1970s, the disease status has changed from that causing a low-level mortality in livestock, probably due to underreporting, to a common disease in livestock, wildlife and humans. It is hoped that by quantifying the impact of the disease across livestock, wildlife and human health and livelihoods, and establishing factors responsible for its continued expansion, adequate resources for surveillance and containment of anthrax will be allocated in order to improve rural livelihoods and also enhance wildlife conservation. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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