Melatonin and Autophagy in Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

Autor: Xin Wang, Shuanhu Zhou, Aaron F. Sandhu, Wiramon Rungratanawanich, Mohammed Akbar, Fang Luo, George E. Williams, Byoung Joon Song
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Aging
Programmed cell death
autophagy
Parkinson's disease
Autophagy-Related Proteins
melatonin
Review
medicine.disease_cause
Nervous System
Pineal Gland
Neuroprotection
Antioxidants
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
Melatonin
lcsh:Chemistry
Huntington's disease
Alzheimer Disease
Animals
Humans
Medicine
neurodegenerative diseases
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
Neurons
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
Autophagy
Neurodegeneration
Parkinson Disease
organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy
General Medicine
medicine.disease
Circadian Rhythm
Computer Science Applications
Huntington Disease
Neuroprotective Agents
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Parkinson’s disease
business
Neuroscience
Alzheimer’s disease
Oxidative stress
medicine.drug
Huntington’s disease
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 7174, p 7174 (2020)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN: 1661-6596
1422-0067
Popis: With aging, the nervous system gradually undergoes degeneration. Increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death are considered to be common pathophysiological mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy is a cellular basic metabolic process that degrades the aggregated or misfolded proteins and abnormal organelles in cells. The abnormal regulation of neuronal autophagy is accompanied by the accumulation and deposition of irregular proteins, leading to changes in neuron homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Autophagy exhibits both a protective mechanism and a damage pathway related to programmed cell death. Because of its “double-edged sword”, autophagy plays an important role in neurological damage and NDDs including AD, PD, HD, OPIDN, and ALS. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland and exhibits a wide range of biological functions, such as sleep control, regulating circadian rhythm, immune enhancement, metabolism regulation, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-tumor effects. It can prevent cell death, reduce inflammation, block calcium channels, etc. In this review, we briefly discuss the neuroprotective role of melatonin against various NDDs via regulating autophagy, which could be a new field for future translational research and clinical studies to discover preventive or therapeutic agents for many NDDs.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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