Clinically-derived vagus nerve stimulation enhances cerebrospinal fluid penetrance
| Autor: | Jane A. Pisaniello, Samuel O. Poore, Stephan L. Blanz, Jack Kegel, Justin C. Williams, Jared P. Ness, Erika K. Ross, Weifeng Zeng, James K. Trevathan, Aaron J. Suminski, Sarah K. Brodnick, Evan N. Nicolai, Megan L. Settell, Kevin P. Cheng, Kip A. Ludwig |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Vagus Nerve Stimulation medicine.medical_treatment Biophysics Bioinformatics 050105 experimental psychology lcsh:RC321-571 03 medical and health sciences Epilepsy Mice 0302 clinical medicine Cerebrospinal fluid Glymphatic Interstitial fluid Medicine Animals 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Cerebrospinal Fluid Fluorescent Dyes Neuromodulation business.industry General Neuroscience Vagus 05 social sciences Brain Vagus Nerve medicine.disease Penetrance Neuromodulation (medicine) Vagus nerve Xanthenes Glymphatic system Neurology (clinical) Lymphatic business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Vagus nerve stimulation |
| Zdroj: | Brain Stimulation, Vol 13, Iss 4, Pp 1024-1030 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1876-4754 |
| Popis: | Introduction Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an FDA-approved neuromodulatory treatment used in the clinic today for epilepsy, depression, and cluster headaches. Moreover, evidence in the literature has led to a growing list of possible clinical indications, with several small clinical trials applying VNS to treat conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to arthritis, anxiety disorders, and obesity. Despite the growing list of therapeutic applications, the fundamental mechanisms by which VNS achieves its beneficial effects are poorly understood. In parallel, the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems have recently been described as methods by which the brain maintains a healthy homeostasis and removes waste without a traditionally defined lymphatic system. In particular, the glymphatic system relates to the interchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) whose net effect is to wash through the brain parenchyma removing metabolic waste products and misfolded proteins. Objective/Hypothesis As VNS has well-documented effects on many of the pathways recently linked to the clearance systems of the brain, we hypothesized that VNS could increase CSF penetrance in the brain. Methods We injected a low molecular weight lysine-fixable fluorescent tracer (TxRed-3kD) into the CSF system of mice with a cervical vagus nerve cuff implant and measured the amount of CSF penetrance following an application of a clinically-derived VNS paradigm (30 Hz, 10% duty cycle). Results We found that the clinical VNS group showed a significant increase in CSF tracer penetrance as compared to the naive control and sham groups. Conclusion (s): This study demonstrates that VNS therapeutic strategies already being applied in the clinic today may induce intended effects and/or unwanted side effects by altering CSF/ISF exchange in the brain. This may have broad ranging implications in the treatment of various CNS pathologies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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