The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond
| Autor: | Thomas J. Spira, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Arthur E. Pitchenik, Gabriela Wlasiuk, Michael Worobey, Andrew Rambaut |
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| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
TRANSMISSION
Population Biology phylogeny Virus archival Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Out of africa evolution INFECTION Pandemic medicine Turning point education Clade POPULATION TYPE-1 education.field_of_study Multidisciplinary SEQUENCES Transmission (medicine) pandemic STRAINS virus diseases ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME HOMOSEXUAL MEN medicine.disease Virology Haiti AIDS HIV-1 Demography |
| Zdroj: | Gilbert, M T P, Rambaut, A, Wlasiuk, G, Spira, T J, Pitchenik, A E & Worobey, M 2007, ' The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 104, no. 47, pp. 18566-18570 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705329104 |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.0705329104 |
| Popis: | HIV-1 group M subtype B was the first HIV discovered and is the predominant variant of AIDS virus in most countries outside of sub-Saharan Africa. However, the circumstances of its origin and emergence remain unresolved. Here we propose a geographic sequence and time line for the origin of subtype B and the emergence of pandemic HIV/AIDS out of Africa. Using HIV-1 gene sequences recovered from archival samples from some of the earliest known Haitian AIDS patients, we find that subtype B likely moved from Africa to Haiti in or around 1966 (1962-1970) and then spread there for some years before successfully dispersing elsewhere. A "pandemic" clade, encompassing the vast majority of non-Haitian subtype B infections in the United States and elsewhere around the world, subsequently emerged after a single migration of the virus out of Haiti in or around 1969 (1966-1972). Haiti appears to have the oldest HIV/AIDS epidemic outside sub-Saharan Africa and the most genetically diverse subtype B epidemic, which might present challenges for HIV-1 vaccine design and testing. The emergence of the pandemic variant of subtype B was an important turning point in the history of AIDS, but its spread was likely driven by ecological rather than evolutionary factors. Our results suggest that HIV-1 circulated cryptically in the United States for approximate to 12 years before the recognition of AIDS in 1981. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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