Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Among Clinical Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Riyadh
| Autor: | T. El-Karsh, A. M. Kambal, A.F. Tawfik, Atef M. Shibl, Fahad J. Al-Shammary, S. AL-Salah |
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| Rok vydání: | 1995 |
| Předmět: |
Imipenem
Cefotaxime Saudi Arabia Ceftazidime Microbial Sensitivity Tests Drug resistance Aztreonam beta-Lactams beta-Lactam Resistance Microbiology chemistry.chemical_compound Antibiotic resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria polycyclic compounds medicine Humans Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology biology business.industry Drug Resistance Microbial biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition bacterial infections and mycoses biology.organism_classification Anti-Bacterial Agents Citrobacter freundii Intensive Care Units Infectious Diseases Oncology chemistry business Enterobacter cloacae medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Chemotherapy. 7:509-514 |
| ISSN: | 1973-9478 1120-009X |
| DOI: | 10.1179/joc.1995.7.6.509 |
| Popis: | The activity of ciprofloxacin, imipenem and 12 other commonly used antibiotics was evaluated against 106 documented clinical isolates from a medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The resistance rates to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftazidime were 42, 25, 24 and 21%, respectively. Apart from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. Complete cross resistance among tested beta-lactam groups was uniformly evident in Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii and P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, penicillins and second generation cephalosporins showed cross resistance among Escherichia coli and Klebseilla pneumoniae isolates. Induction experiments indicate that 70 and 62% of P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae or C. freundii produce class I cephalosporinase, respectively. Among all tested isolates, plasmid mediated extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) was detected in one isolate of K. pneumoniae. The plasmid mediated beta-lactamase is transferable and inhibited by beta-lactamase inhibitors. The transconjugates not only expressed resistance to extended spectrum beta-lactams and aztreonam but also toward tested aminoglycoside antibiotics, with the exception of gentamicin. The obtained transconjugates conferred high level resistance to ceftazidime and aztreonam but considerably low resistance to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. The isoelectric point for the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase is 8.2. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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