Molecular regulation of insulin granule biogenesis and exocytosis
| Autor: | Wanjin Hong, Xiuming Wong, Weiping Han, Pia V. Röder |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Blood Glucose medicine.medical_specialty Glucose uptake medicine.medical_treatment Biology Biochemistry Exocytosis 03 medical and health sciences Insulin resistance Internal medicine medicine Hyperinsulinemia Animals Humans Insulin Molecular Biology Endoplasmic reticulum Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Cell Biology medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Glycogenesis |
| Zdroj: | The Biochemical journal. 473(18) |
| ISSN: | 1470-8728 |
| Popis: | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in early disease stages but a relative insulin insufficiency in later stages. Insulin, a peptide hormone, is produced in and secreted from pancreatic β-cells following elevated blood glucose levels. Upon its release, insulin induces the removal of excessive exogenous glucose from the bloodstream primarily by stimulating glucose uptake into insulin-dependent tissues as well as promoting hepatic glycogenesis. Given the increasing prevalence of T2DM worldwide, elucidating the underlying mechanisms and identifying the various players involved in the synthesis and exocytosis of insulin from β-cells is of utmost importance. This review summarizes our current understanding of the route insulin takes through the cell after its synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as our knowledge of the highly elaborate network that controls insulin release from the β-cell. This network harbors potential targets for anti-diabetic drugs and is regulated by signaling cascades from several endocrine systems. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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