Multi-locus Genotypes Underlying Temperature Sensitivity in a Mutationally Induced Trait

Autor: Ian M. Ehrenreich, Matthew B. Taylor, Amy Shen, Jonathan T. Lee
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Heredity
lcsh:QH426-470
Genotype
Quantitative Trait Loci
Variant Genotypes
Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension
Locus (genetics)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Quantitative trait locus
Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chromosomes
03 medical and health sciences
Genetic variation
Genetics
Gene–environment interaction
Allele
Molecular Biology Techniques
Molecular Biology
Alleles
Genetics (clinical)
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
2. Zero hunger
Chromosome Biology
Temperature
Chromosome Mapping
Genetic Variation
Biology and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
Genetic architecture
lcsh:Genetics
Phenotypes
Genetic Mapping
Phenotype
030104 developmental biology
Genetic Loci
13. Climate action
Trait
Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetic Engineering
Transcription Factors
Research Article
Biotechnology
Zdroj: PLoS Genetics
PLoS Genetics, Vol 12, Iss 3, p e1005929 (2016)
ISSN: 1553-7404
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005929
Popis: Determining how genetic variation alters the expression of heritable phenotypes across conditions is important for agriculture, evolution, and medicine. Central to this problem is the concept of genotype-by-environment interaction (or ‘GxE’), which occurs when segregating genetic variation causes individuals to show different phenotypic responses to the environment. While many studies have sought to identify individual loci that contribute to GxE, obtaining a deeper understanding of this phenomenon may require defining how sets of loci collectively alter the relationship between genotype, environment, and phenotype. Here, we identify combinations of alleles at seven loci that control how a mutationally induced colony phenotype is expressed across a range of temperatures (21, 30, and 37°C) in a panel of yeast recombinants. We show that five predominant multi-locus genotypes involving the detected loci result in trait expression with varying degrees of temperature sensitivity. By comparing these genotypes and their patterns of trait expression across temperatures, we demonstrate that the involved alleles contribute to temperature sensitivity in different ways. While alleles of the transcription factor MSS11 specify the potential temperatures at which the trait can occur, alleles at the other loci modify temperature sensitivity within the range established by MSS11 in a genetic background- and/or temperature-dependent manner. Our results not only represent one of the first characterizations of GxE at the resolution of multi-locus genotypes, but also provide an example of the different roles that genetic variants can play in altering trait expression across conditions.
Author Summary Individuals’ phenotypes are often determined through interactions between their genotypes and the environment (or ‘GxE’). Despite substantial research on this topic, the underlying causes of GxE are not fully understood. This stems, in part, from the fact that most mapping studies focused on GxE do not define how combinations of loci collectively alter the relationship between genotype, environment, and phenotype. Here, we show that the temperature sensitivity of a yeast colony morphology trait is determined by five specific multi-locus genotypes involving seven environmentally responsive loci that segregate in a cross. Comparison of these genotypes enables us to determine how the phenotypic effects of the involved alleles change across genetic backgrounds and temperatures, and even suggests potential molecular mechanisms underlying GxE in our system. Thus, our findings illustrate how characterizing GxE at the resolution of causal multi-locus genotypes can provide rich insights into this phenomenon that might otherwise be difficult to obtain.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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