Exposure to water from the lower Rhine induces a stress response in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
| Autor: | R.H. Hadderingh, Neil M. Ruane, D.T. Nolan, S.E. Wendelaar Bonga, F.A.T. Spanings, H.A. Jenner |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2003 |
| Předmět: |
Gills
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Hydrocortisone Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pituitary-Adrenal System Toxicology Condition index Animal science Germany medicine Ecotoxicology Animals Water Pollutants Salmonidae biology Ecology Body Weight General Medicine Environmental Exposure biology.organism_classification Pollution Trout Microscopy Electron Glucose Bioaccumulation Oncorhynchus mykiss Toxicity Rainbow trout Glucocorticoid medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 45, 2, pp. 247-257 Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 45, 247-257. Springer-verlag |
| ISSN: | 0090-4341 |
| Popis: | The water quality of the river Rhine has improved in recent years and populations of salmonids are increasing. Nevertheless at present, the water from the lower Rhine still contains a complex mixture of low levels of many pollutants and it is not known whether exposure to such water is stressful to salmonid fish. For 31 days we continuously exposed the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to water from the lower Rhine in the Netherlands and measured a variety of physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters, including the stress parameters cortisol and glucose. Exposure to Rhine water significantly increased cortisol and glucose after 3 h. At 21 and 31 days, cortisol was lower in exposed fish, indicating inhibition or exhaustion of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. Electron microscopical analysis of the skin and gill epithelia revealed stressor-related effects that reflected disruption of the skin epithelium, the interface between the fish and the environment. This had little influence on hydromineral balance, as neither gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity nor plasma Na+ and Cl− were altered, although intestine- and kidney-specific Na+/K+-ATPase activities were affected. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in the liver, kidney, and intestine indicated no bioaccumulation. Immunostimulation was reflected by increased respiratory burst activity of the head kidney leukocytes. From 7 days onwards, the body weight of the Rhine water fish was significantly lower than that of control fish. Overall, the data show that acute exposure to present day water from the lower Rhine induced a stress response in the fish that, during chronic exposure, was followed by impairment of the HPI axis, reduced growth, and prolonged immunostimulation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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