How Oscillating Aerodynamic Forces Explain the Timbre of the Hummingbird's Hum and Other Animals in Flapping Flight
| Autor: | Diana D. Chin, David Lentink, Ben J Hightower, R. Scholte, Patrick W.A. Wijnings, Daniel Shorr, Rivers Ingersoll, Jade Nguyen |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Electronic Systems, Bayesian Intelligent Autonomous Systems |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
030110 physiology
0301 basic medicine Microphone array Bioacoustics QH301-705.5 Acoustics Science bats flying animals General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences biology.animal bioacoustic Biology (General) flapping wing Lift-to-drag ratio Physics Wing General Immunology and Microbiology biology behavior General Neuroscience General Medicine Aerodynamic force 030104 developmental biology insects birds Flapping Medicine Hummingbird Timbre |
| Zdroj: | eLife, Vol 10 (2021) eLife, 10(10):e63107. eLife Sciences Publications |
| ISSN: | 2050-084X |
| DOI: | 10.7554/eLife.63107 |
| Popis: | How hummingbirds hum is not fully understood, but its biophysical origin is encoded in the acoustic nearfield. Hence, we studied six freely hovering Anna’s hummingbirds, performing acoustic nearfield holography using a 2176 microphone array in vivo, while also directly measuring the 3D aerodynamic forces using a new aerodynamic force platform. We corroborate the acoustic measurements by developing an idealized acoustic model that integrates the aerodynamic forces with wing kinematics, which shows how the timbre of the hummingbird’s hum arises from the oscillating lift and drag forces on each wing. Comparing birds and insects, we find that the characteristic humming timbre and radiated power of their flapping wings originates from the higher harmonics in the aerodynamic forces that support their bodyweight. Our model analysis across insects and birds shows that allometric deviation makes larger birds quieter and elongated flies louder, while also clarifying complex bioacoustic behavior. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|