Visual Image Quality Impacts Circadian Rhythm-Related Gene Expression in Retina and in Choroid: A Potential Mechanism for Ametropias
| Autor: | Shanta Sarfare, Wenjie Wei, P. Michael Iuvone, Tejvir S. Khurana, Maureen G. Maguire, Brendan McGeehan, Debora L. Nickla, K. Cameron Engelhart, Richard A. Stone |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
DNA Complementary Light genetic structures ametropia Circadian clock Visual Acuity circadian clock genes CLOCK Proteins Nerve Tissue Proteins Retinal Pigment Epithelium Biology Retina 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine retina/RPE Ophthalmology Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors medicine Animals Circadian rhythm Retinal pigment epithelium Choroid Gene Expression Profiling Receptor Melatonin MT1 Rod Opsins ARNTL Transcription Factors Retinal Period Circadian Proteins Darkness Refractive Errors eye diseases Circadian Rhythm Cryptochromes ARNTL Disease Models Animal PER3 medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry 030221 ophthalmology & optometry Anatomy and Pathology/Oncology sense organs Chickens melanopsin 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science |
| ISSN: | 1552-5783 |
| Popis: | Purpose Stimulated by evidence implicating diurnal/circadian rhythms and light in refractive development, we studied the expression over 24 hours of selected clock and circadian rhythm-related genes in retina/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid of experimental ametropias in chicks. Methods Newly hatched chicks, entrained to a 12-hour light/dark cycle for 12 to 14 days, either experienced nonrestricted vision OU (i.e., in both eyes) or received an image-blurring diffuser or a minus 10-diopter (D) or a plus 10-D defocusing lens over one eye. Starting 1 day later and at 4-hour intervals for 24 hours, the retina/RPE and choroid were separately dissected. Without pooling, total RNA was extracted, converted to cDNA, and assayed by quantitative PCR for the expression of the following genes: Opn4m, Clock, Npas2, Per3, Cry1, Arntl, and Mtnr1a. Results The expression of each gene in retina/RPE and in choroid of eyes with nonrestricted vision OU varied over 24 hours, with equal levels OU for most genes and times. Altered visual input influenced gene expression in complex patterns that varied by gene, visual input, time, and eye, affecting experimental eyes with altered vision and also contralateral eyes with nonrestricted vision. Discussion Altering visual input in ways known to induce ametropias alters the retinal/RPE and choroidal expression of circadian rhythm-related genes, further linking circadian biology with eye growth regulation. While further investigations are needed, studying circadian processes may help understand refractive mechanisms and the increasing myopia prevalence in contemporary societies where lighting patterns can desynchronize endogenous rhythms from the natural environmental light/dark cycle. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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