The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Korean black ginseng
| Autor: | Evelyn Saba, Jireh Yi-Le Chan, Byeong Seon Jeon, Yuan Yee Lee, Man Hee Rhee, Sung Keun Choi, Muhammad Irfan, Minki Kim |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Lipopolysaccharides
Male Lipopolysaccharide medicine.drug_class Panax Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology Carrageenan Nitric Oxide Anti-inflammatory Nitric oxide Rats Sprague-Dawley Mice 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Ginseng 0302 clinical medicine Western blot Drug Discovery medicine Animals Edema Potency Dexamethasone 030304 developmental biology Analgesics Mice Inbred BALB C 0303 health sciences medicine.diagnostic_test Plant Extracts Anti-Inflammatory Agents Non-Steroidal Rats RAW 264.7 Cells Complementary and alternative medicine chemistry Cyclooxygenase 2 Ginsenoside 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cytokines Molecular Medicine medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Phytomedicine. 54:169-181 |
| ISSN: | 0944-7113 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.186 |
| Popis: | Background Different processing conditions alter the ginseng bioactive compounds, promoting or reducing its anti-inflammatory effects. We compared black ginseng (BG) – that have been steamed 5 times – with red ginseng (RG). Hypothesis/ Purpose To compare the anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-nociceptive properties of RG and BG. Methods Nitric Oxide (NO) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay, quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema Results The ginsenoside contents were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and has been altered through increased processing. The highest concentration of these extracts inhibited NO production to near-basal levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 without exhibiting cytotoxicity. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression at the mRNA level was investigated using qRT-PCR. Comparatively, BG exhibited better inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, iNOS and COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Protein expression was determined using western blot analysis and BG exhibited stronger inhibition. Xylene-induced ear edema model in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats were carried out and tested with the effects of ginseng as well as dexamethasone and indomethacin - commonly used drugs. BG is a more potent anti-inflammatory agent, possesses anti-nociceptive properties, and has a strong potency comparable to the NSAIDs. Conclusion BG has more potent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects due to the change in ginsenoside component with increased processing. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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