Speciation and lability of Ag-, AgCl-, and Ag2S-nanoparticles in soil determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffusive gradients in thin films
| Autor: | Gianluca Brunetti, Ryo Sekine, Erica Donner, Krasimir Vasilev, Maryam Khaksar, Hao Zhang, Peter Kappen, Kirk G. Scheckel, Åsa K. Jämting, Enzo Lombi |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Sekine, R, Brunetti, G, Donner, E, Khaksar, M, Vasilev, K, Jämting, ÅK, Scheckel, KG, Kappen, P, Zhang, H, Lombi, Enzo |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Ions
X-ray absorption spectroscopy Silver Absorption spectroscopy Lability Silver sulfide Inorganic chemistry Soil chemistry Metal Nanoparticles Silver Compounds General Chemistry Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Diffusive gradients in thin films Diffusion Silver chloride chemistry.chemical_compound Soil X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy chemistry 13. Climate action Soil pH Environmental Chemistry Soil Pollutants Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental sciencetechnology. 49(2) |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 |
| Popis: | Long-term speciation and lability of silver (Ag-), silver chloride (AgCl-), and silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) in soil were studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and newly developed "nano" Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) devices. These nano-DGT devices were designed specifically to avoid confounding effects when measuring element lability in the presence of nanoparticles.The aging profile and stabilities of the three nanoparticles and AgNO3 (ionic Ag) in soil were examined at three different soil pH values over a period of up to 7months. Transformation of ionic Ag, Ag-NP and AgCl-NPs were dependent on pH. AgCl formation and persistence was observed under acidic conditions, whereas sulfur-bound forms of Ag dominated in neutral to alkaline soils. Ag2S-NPs were found to be very stable under all conditions tested and remained sulfur bound after 7 months of incubation. Ag lability was characteristically low in soils containing Ag2S-NPs. Other forms of Ag were linked to higher DGT-determined lability, and this varied as a function of aging and related speciation changes as determined by XAS. These results clearly indicate that Ag2S-NPs,which are the most environmentally relevant form of Ag that enter soils, are chemically stable and have profoundly low Ag lability over extended periods. This may minimize the long-term risks of Ag toxicity in the soil environment Refereed/Peer-reviewed |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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